{"id":109115,"date":"2023-11-30T14:59:27","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T19:59:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/30\/asian-americans-and-discrimination-during-the-covid-19-pandemic\/"},"modified":"2024-12-09T13:55:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T18:55:23","slug":"asian-americans-and-discrimination-during-the-covid-19-pandemic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/11\/30\/asian-americans-and-discrimination-during-the-covid-19-pandemic\/","title":{"rendered":"4. Asian Americans and discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following the coronavirus outbreak, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9168424\/\">reports of discrimination and violence<\/a> toward Asian Americans increased. A previous Pew Research Center survey of English-speaking Asian adults showed that as of 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/04\/21\/one-third-of-asian-americans-fear-threats-physical-attacks-and-most-say-violence-against-them-is-rising\/\">one-third said they feared<\/a> someone might threaten or physically attack them. English-speaking Asian adults in 2022 were also more likely than other racial or ethnic groups to say they had <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/05\/09\/about-a-third-of-asian-americans-say-they-have-changed-their-daily-routine-due-to-concerns-over-threats-attacks\/\">changed their daily routines<\/a> due to concerns they might be threatened or attacked.[19. numoffset=&#8221;19&#8243; Pew Research Center\u2019s American Trends Panel surveys of Asian adults were conducted only in English and are representative of the English-speaking Asian adult population. In 2021, 70% of Asian adults spoke only English or said they speak English \u201cvery well,\u201d according to a Pew Research Center analysis of the 2021 American Community Survey. By contrast, the Center\u2019s 2022-23 survey of Asian Americans was conducted in six languages, including Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), English, Hindi, Korean, Tagalog and Vietnamese.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this new 2022-23 survey, Asian adults were asked if they personally know another Asian person in the U.S. who had been attacked since the pandemic began.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;asian-adults-who-personally-know-an-asian-person-who-has-been-threatened-or-attacked-since-covid-19&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"asian-adults-who-personally-know-an-asian-person-who-has-been-threatened-or-attacked-since-covid-19\">Asian adults who personally know an Asian person who has been threatened or attacked since COVID-19<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-123758\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/30\/asian-americans-and-discrimination-during-the-covid-19-pandemic\/re_2023-11-30_asian-american-discrimination_4-01-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dbe2e0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dbe2e0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/RE_2023.11.30_Asian-American-Discrimination_4-01.png?resize=480,836 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/RE_2023.11.30_Asian-American-Discrimination_4-01.png?resize=620,1080 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"540\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/RE_2023.11.30_Asian-American-Discrimination_4-01.png?w=310\" alt=\"A bar chart showing the share of Asian adults who say they personally know an Asian person in the U.S. who has been threatened or attacked because of their race or ethnicity since the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, by ethnic and regional origin. 32% of U.S. Asians overall personally know someone with this experience. Across regional origin groups, 36% of East Asian adults, 33% of Southeast Asian adults, and 24% of South Asian adults say this. \" class=\"wp-image-123758 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About one-third of Asian adults (32%) say they personally know an Asian person in the U.S. who has been threatened or attacked because of their race or ethnicity since the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether Asian adults know someone with this experience varies across Asian<strong> ethnic origin <\/strong>groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>About four-in-ten Chinese adults (39%) say they personally know another Asian person who has been threatened or attacked since the coronavirus outbreak. Similar shares of Korean adults (35%) and those who belong to less populous Asian origin groups (39%) \u2013 those categorized as \u201cother\u201d in this report \u2013 say the same.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>About three-in-ten Vietnamese (31%), Japanese (28%) and Filipino (28%) Americans and about two-in-ten Indian adults (21%) say they know another Asian person in the U.S. who has been the victim of a racially motivated threat or attack.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, there are some differences by <strong>regional origin <\/strong>groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Overall, similar shares of East and Southeast Asian adults say they know another Asian person who\u2019s been threatened or attacked because of their race or ethnicity (36% and 33%, respectively).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A somewhat smaller share of South Asian adults say the same (24%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-123759\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/30\/asian-americans-and-discrimination-during-the-covid-19-pandemic\/re_2023-11-30_asian-american-discrimination_4-02-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e0e6e5\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e0e6e5;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/RE_2023.11.30_Asian-American-Discrimination_4-02.png?resize=480,1013 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/RE_2023.11.30_Asian-American-Discrimination_4-02.png?resize=620,1308 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"654\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/RE_2023.11.30_Asian-American-Discrimination_4-02.png?w=310\" alt=\"A bar chart showing the share of Asian adults who personally know an Asian person in the U.S. who has been threatened or attacked because of their race or ethnicity since the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, by other demographic groups. 44% of second-generation Asian adults and 37% of 1.5-generation Asian adults say they know someone with this experience, higher than the shares among other generations. 44% of Asian adults under 30 also say they know someone with this experience. \" class=\"wp-image-123759 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are also differences across <strong>nativity<\/strong> and <strong>immigrant generations:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>U.S.-born Asian adults are more likely than Asian immigrants to say they know another Asian person who has been threatened or attacked during the COVID-19 pandemic&nbsp; (40% vs. 28%, respectively).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Among immigrants, those who are 1.5 generation \u2013 those who came to the U.S. as children \u2013 are more likely than the first generation \u2013 those who immigrated as adults \u2013 to say they know someone with this experience (37% vs. 25%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>And among U.S.-born Asian Americans, 44% of second-generation adults say this, compared with 28% of third- or higher-generation Asian adults.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether Asian Americans personally know another Asian person who was threatened or attacked because of their race or ethnicity since the beginning of the pandemic also varies across other demographic groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Age:<\/strong> 44% of Asian adults under 30 years old say they know someone who has been threatened or attacked during the pandemic, compared with 18% of those 65 and older.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gender:<\/strong> Asian women are somewhat more likely than men to say they know an Asian person in the U.S. who has been threatened or attacked during the COVID-19 pandemic (35% vs. 28%, respectively).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Party:<\/strong> 36% of Asian Democrats and Democratic leaners say they know another Asian person who has been threatened or attacked because of their race or ethnicity, higher than the share among Republicans and Republican leaners (25%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-callout has-beige-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heightened-anti-asian-discrimination-during-the-covid-19-pandemic\">Heightened anti-Asian discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These survey findings follow a spike in reports of discrimination against Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of federally recognized hate crime incidents of anti-Asian bias increased from 158 in 2019 to 279 in 2020 and 746 in 2021, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usccr.gov\/files\/2023-09\/fy-2023-se-report_0.pdf\">hate crime statistics published by the FBI<\/a>. In 2022, the <a href=\"https:\/\/cde.ucr.cjis.gov\/LATEST\/webapp\/#\/pages\/explorer\/crime\/hate-crime\">number of anti-Asian hate crimes decreased<\/a> for the first time since the coronavirus outbreak, to 499 incidents. Between March 2020 and May 2023, the organization Stop AAPI Hate received <a href=\"https:\/\/stopaapihate.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/23-SAH-CivilRightsReport-F.pdf\">more than 11,000 self-reported incidents<\/a> of anti-Asian bias, the vast majority of which involved harassment, bullying, shunning and other discrimination incidents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, <a href=\"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306154\">previous research<\/a> found that calling COVID-19 the \u201cChinese Virus,\u201d \u201cAsian Virus\u201d or other names that attach location or ethnicity to the disease was associated with anti-Asian sentiment in online discourse. Use of these phrases by politicians or other prominent public officials, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/03\/18\/us\/politics\/china-virus.html\">such as by former President Donald Trump<\/a>, coincided with greater use among the general public and more frequent instances of bias against Asian Americans.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;in-their-own-words-asian-americans-experiences-with-discrimination-during-the-covid-19-pandemic&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"in-their-own-words-asian-americans-experiences-with-discrimination-during-the-covid-19-pandemic\">In their own words: Asian Americans\u2019 experiences with discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 2021 Pew Research Center focus groups of Asian Americans, participants discussed their experiences of being discriminated against because of their race or ethnicity during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Participants talked about <strong>being<\/strong> <strong>shamed<\/strong> in both public and private spaces. Some Asian immigrant participants talked about being <strong>afraid to speak out<\/strong> because of how it might impact their immigration status:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-90b4cc35 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI was walking in [the city where I live], and a White old woman was poking me in the face saying, \u2018You are disgusting,\u2019 and she was trying to hit me. I ran away crying. \u2026 At the time, I was with my boyfriend, but he also just came to the U.S., so we ran away together thinking that if we cause trouble, we could be deported.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right sans-serif wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013Immigrant woman of Korean origin in late 20s (translated from Korean)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-90b4cc35 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c[A very close friend of mine] lived at [a] school dormitory, and when the pandemic just happened \u2026 his room was directly pasted with the adhesive tape saying things like \u2018Chinese virus quarantine.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right sans-serif wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013Immigrant man of Chinese origin in early 30s (translated from Mandarin)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many participants talked about being <strong>targeted because<\/strong> <strong>others perceive them as Chinese<\/strong>, regardless of their ethnicity:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-90b4cc35 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI think the crimes [that happened] against other Asian people can happen to me while going through COVID-19. When I see a White person, I don\u2019t know if their ancestors are Scottish or German, so they will look at me and think the same. It seems that they can\u2019t distinguish between Korean and Chinese and think that we are from Asia and the onset of COVID-19 is our fault. This is something that can happen to all of us. So I think Asian Americans should come together and let people know that we are also human and we have rights. I came to think about Asian Americans that they shouldn\u2019t stay still even if they\u2019re trampled on.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right sans-serif wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013Immigrant woman of Korean origin in early 50s (translated from Korean)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-90b4cc35 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cEven when I was just getting on the bus, [people acted] as if I was carrying the virus. People would not sit with me, they would sit a bit far. It was because I look Chinese.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right sans-serif wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013Immigrant woman of Bhutanese origin in early 30s (translated from Dzongkha)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amid these incidents, some participants talked about <strong>feeling in community and kinship<\/strong> with other Asian people:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-90b4cc35 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c[When I hear stories about Asian people in the news,] I feel like automatically you just have a sense of connection to someone that\u2019s Asian. \u2026 [I]t makes me and my family and everyone else that I know that is Asian super mad and upset that this is happening. [For example,] the subway attacks where there was a mother who got dragged down the stairs for absolutely no reason. It just kind of makes you scared because you are Asian, and I would tell my mom, \u2018You\u2019re not going anywhere without me.\u2019 We got pepper spray and all of that. But there is definitely a difference because you just feel a connection with them no matter if you don\u2019t know them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right sans-serif wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013U.S.-born woman of Taiwanese origin in early 20s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-90b4cc35 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c[A]s a result of the pandemic, I think we saw an increase in Asian hate in the media. I think that was one time where I realized as an Asian person, I felt a lot of pain. I felt a lot of fear, I felt a lot of anger and frustration for my community. \u2026 I think it was just at that specific moment when I saw the Asian hate, Asian hate crimes, and I realized, \u2018Oh, they\u2019re targeting my people.\u2019&nbsp; I don\u2019t know how to explain it exactly. I never really referred to myself just plainly as an Asian American, but when I saw it in that media and I saw people who looked like me or people who I related with getting hurt and mistreated, I felt anger for that community, for my community.\u201d\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right sans-serif wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013U.S.-born woman of Korean origin in late teens<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some connected discrimination during the pandemic to <strong>other times of heightened anti-Asian discrimination<\/strong>. For example, one woman connected anti-Asian discrimination during COVID-19 to the period after Sept. 11:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-90b4cc35 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c[T]he hate crimes I\u2019m reading about now are towards Chinese [people] because of COVID, but I remember after 9\/11, that was \u2013 I remember the looks that people would give me on the subway but also reading the violent acts committed towards Indians of all types, just the confusion \u2013 I mean, I say confusion but I mean really they wanted to attack Muslims, but they didn\u2019t care, they were just looking for a brown person to attack. So there\u2019s always something that happens that then suddenly falls on one community or another.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right sans-serif wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013U.S.-born man of Indian origin in late 40s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Following the coronavirus outbreak, reports of discrimination and violence toward Asian Americans increased. A previous Pew Research Center survey of English-speaking Asian adults showed that as of 2021, one-third said they feared someone might threaten or physically attack them. English-speaking Asian adults in 2022 were also more likely than other racial or ethnic groups to 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