{"id":109243,"date":"2023-06-08T16:58:16","date_gmt":"2023-06-08T21:58:16","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:55:01","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:55:01","slug":"asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action\/","title":{"rendered":"Asian Americans Hold Mixed Views Around Affirmative Action"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp?w=640\" alt=\"(Thai Liang Li\/Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-1873\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(Thai Liang Li\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to understand the views of Asian Americans toward affirmative action. This in-depth analysis uses data from a nationally representative survey of Asian American adults, two nationally representative surveys of U.S. adults, and a qualitative study of Asian Americans. The analysis is the latest in the Center\u2019s series of <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topic\/race-ethnicity\/racial-ethnic-groups\/asian-americans\/\">in-depth analyses of public opinion among Asian Americans<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first is a nationally representative survey of 7,006 self-identified Asian adults conducted online and by mail from July 5, 2022, to Jan. 27, 2023. Asian respondents include those who identified as more than one race or as Hispanic. Here is the <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2023\/05\/08\/asian-american-identity-methodology\/\">methodology<\/a> used for the survey of Asian Americans.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second is a nationally representative <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2023\/04\/18\/podcasts-methodology\/\">online survey of 5,132 U.S. adults<\/a> that includes 367 English-speaking, single-race, non-Hispanic Asians conducted on the Center\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/our-methods\/u-s-surveys\/the-american-trends-panel\/\">American Trends Panel<\/a> from Dec. 5 to 11, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Identical questions about affirmative action generally and the use of high school grades, standardized test scores, athletic ability, family income, gender and race and ethnicity in college admissions decisions were asked on the 2022-23 survey of Asian American adults and the December 2022 survey of all U.S. adults. This allows for a comparison of Asian American adults\u2019 views with those of other groups of Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The third survey is another nationally representative <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2023\/04\/26\/abortion-access-methodology\/\">online survey of 5,079 U.S. adults<\/a> conducted on the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel from March 27 to April 2, 2023. It includes 368 English-speaking, single-race, non-Hispanic Asians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For survey questions from all three surveys used in this analysis, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_Topline.pdf\">topline questionnaire<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Survey results were complemented by <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2022\/08\/02\/what-it-means-to-be-asian-in-america-methodology\/\">66 focus groups of Asian adults<\/a> conducted before the 2022-2023 survey of Asian Americans, from Aug. 4 to Oct. 14, 2021. The groups were made up of 264 recruited participants from 18 Asian origin groups. Focus group discussions were conducted in 18 languages and moderated by members of their origin groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder. The Center\u2019s Asian American portfolio was funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts, with generous support from The Asian American Foundation; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative DAF, an advised fund of the Silicon Valley Community Foundation; the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; the Henry Luce Foundation; the Doris Duke Foundation; The Wallace H. Coulter Foundation; The Dirk and Charlene Kabcenell Foundation; The Long Family Foundation; Lu-Hebert Fund; Gee Family Foundation; Joseph Cotchett; the Julian Abdey and Sabrina Moyle Charitable Fund; and Nanci Nishimura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We would also like to thank the Leaders Forum for its thought leadership and valuable assistance in helping make this survey possible. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The strategic communications campaign used to promote the research was made possible with generous support from the Doris Duke Foundation.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"terminology\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;terminology&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>Terminology<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The terms <strong>Asian <\/strong>and<strong> Asian American <\/strong>are used interchangeably throughout this report to refer to U.S. adults who self-identify as Asian, either alone or in combination with other races or Hispanic identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ethnicity <\/strong>and<strong> ethnic origin <\/strong>labels, such as Chinese and Chinese origin, are used interchangeably in this report for findings for ethnic origin groups, such as Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean or Vietnamese. For this report, ethnicity is not nationality. For example, Chinese in this report are those self-identifying as being of Chinese ethnicity, rather than necessarily being a current or former citizen of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Ethnic origin groups in this report include those who self-identify as one Asian ethnicity only, either alone or in combination with a non-Asian race or ethnicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The term <strong>Asian origin groups<\/strong> is used throughout this report to describe ethnic origin groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Immigrants<\/strong> in this report are people who were not U.S. citizens at birth \u2013 in other words, those born outside the U.S., Puerto Rico or other U.S. territories to parents who are not U.S. citizens. The terms <strong>i<\/strong><strong>mmigrant<\/strong> and <strong>foreign born<\/strong> are used interchangeably to refer to this group.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>U.S. born <\/strong>refers to people born in the 50 U.S. states or the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico or other U.S. territories.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As the U.S. Supreme Court prepares to decide whether colleges can continue to consider race and ethnicity in admissions, a new national survey of Asian adults finds that Asian Americans have mixed views of affirmative action and related issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On one hand, about half of Asian adults who have heard of affirmative action (53%) say it is a good thing, while 19% say it is a bad thing, and 27% say they don\u2019t know whether affirmative action is good or bad. On the other hand, about three-quarters of all Asian adults (76%) say race or ethnicity should not factor into college admissions decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>For views on affirmative action from the general public, view our report &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2023\/06\/08\/more-americans-disapprove-than-approve-of-colleges-considering-race-ethnicity-in-admissions-decisions\/\">More Americans Disapprove Than Approve of Colleges Considering Race, Ethnicity in Admissions Decisions<\/a><\/em>.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-123961\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action\/re_2023-06-08_asian-americans-affirmative-action_0-01-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e5e8e7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e5e8e7;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-01.png?resize=480,501 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-01.png?resize=782,816 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-01.png?resize=840,876 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"438\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-01.png?w=420\" alt=\"Bar chart showing half of Asian Americans who have heard of affirmative action say it is a good thing, but only one-in-five Asian adults say race or ethnicity should be considered in college admissions decisions\" class=\"wp-image-123961 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While not all Asian Americans have heard of affirmative action, most have. Nearly three-in-four (74%) say they have heard the phrase before, with awareness varying some across Asian demographic subgroups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>About eight-in-ten Filipino (83%) and Japanese (82%) adults say they have heard the phrase, compared with only 57% of Vietnamese Americans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meanwhile, 91% of U.S.-born Asians say they have heard the phrase affirmative action, while 67% of Asian immigrants say they have.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-123962\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action\/re_2023-06-08_asian-americans-affirmative-action_0-02-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e3e5e1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e3e5e1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-02.png?resize=480,929 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-02.png?resize=782,1514 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-02.png?resize=840,1626 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"813\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-02.png?w=420\" alt=\"Bar chart showing across most Asian demographic subgroups, roughly half or more who have heard of affirmative action say it is a good thing\" class=\"wp-image-123962 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even if not all Asian adults have heard the phrase affirmative action, support for the general concept among Asian Americans spans education, immigration, age and other demographic subgroups, according to the national survey of 7,006 U.S. Asian adults conducted in six languages between July 5, 2022 and Jan. 27, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Views about affirmative action among those who have heard the phrase vary slightly across origin groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indian adults (60%) are more likely than Korean (50%), Vietnamese (48%) and Chinese (45%) adults to say affirmative action is a good thing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chinese adults who have heard of affirmative action are among the least likely to say it is a good thing \u2013 27% of Chinese adults who have heard the phrase say it is a bad thing, and 28% say they don\u2019t know.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among Asian adults who have heard of affirmative action, views do not vary significantly by nativity, though there are some differences by length of time that immigrants have lived in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>More than half of those born in the U.S. (56%) and about half of immigrants (52%) say affirmative action is a good thing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Among Asian immigrants, 12% of those who have lived in the U.S. for 10 years or less say it is a bad thing, as do 17% of immigrants who have been in the U.S. between 11 and 20 years. Half of Asian immigrants who have lived in the U.S. for 21 years or more say affirmative action is a good thing, while 25% say it is a bad thing. Another 25% say they don\u2019t know if it\u2019s good or bad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assessments of affirmative action differ among Asian immigrants by their origins. Chinese immigrants who have heard the phrase (33%) are more likely to say affirmative action is a bad thing than Vietnamese (21%), Korean (21%), Filipino (18%) and Indian (12%) immigrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-123963\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action\/re_2023-06-08_asian-americans-affirmative-action_0-03-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e2dee0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e2dee0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-03.png?resize=480,768 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-03.png?resize=782,1251 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-03.png?resize=840,1344 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"672\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-03.png?w=420\" alt=\"Bar chart showing among Asian Americans, Democrats are more likely \nto say affirmative action is good than bad, while Republicans are more divided\" class=\"wp-image-123963 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By contrast, there is no significant difference between U.S.-born Chinese adults and other U.S.-born Asians in their views of affirmative action, among those who have heard the phrase. Similar shares say it is a good thing (61% and 55%), as are those who say it is a bad thing (15% and 17%). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among Asian Americans who have heard of affirmative action, views of it vary by political party affiliation:[1. About <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/25\/asian-voters-in-the-u-s-tend-to-be-democratic-but-vietnamese-american-voters-are-an-exception\/\">six-in-ten Asian registered voters (62%)<\/a> identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party, while a third (34%) identify with or lean toward the Republican Party.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>About two-thirds (64%) of Asians who identify as Democrats or lean toward the Democratic Party say affirmative action is a good thing. By contrast, only 32% of Asian Republicans or Republican leaners say the same.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While 11% of Asian Democrats say affirmative action is a bad thing, 39% of Asian Republicans say this.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The partisan divide on affirmative action extends to the five largest Asian origin groups \u2013 Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Korean and Vietnamese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Among Democrats, all major Asian origin groups are more likely to say affirmative action is a good thing than to say it is a bad thing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Among Republicans, Chinese adults are more likely to say it is bad than good.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Views of affirmative action among Asian Republicans who have heard of it vary by education level: 48% of Asian Republican adults with a postgraduate degree say affirmative action is bad, as do 44% with a bachelor\u2019s degree, 36% with some college experience and 26% with a high school education or less.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"educational-attainment-and-asian-americans\">Educational attainment and Asian Americans<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Differences in views among Asian adults reflect the <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/04\/29\/key-facts-about-asian-americans\/\">demographic diversity<\/a> of the nation\u2019s Asian population. Among those ages 25 and older in 2019, a higher share of Asian Americans than U.S. adults overall have a bachelor\u2019s degree or higher (54% vs. 33%), according to a Pew Research Center analysis of the 2019 American Community Survey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, educational attainment <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/04\/29\/key-facts-about-asian-origin-groups-in-the-u-s\/#:~:text=The%20share%20of%20Asian%20Americans%20ages%2025%20and%20older%20with%20at%20least%20a%20bachelor%E2%80%99s%20degree%20varies%20greatly%20by%20origin%20group.\">varies significantly by ethnic origin group<\/a>. Among the six most-populous groups, Indian Americans have the highest share of college degree holders (75%), while Vietnamese Americans (32%) have the lowest share. The share of college degree holders is sometimes even lower among less populous Asian origin groups such as Laotian (18%) or Bhutanese Americans (15%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asian Americans are more likely than other groups to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0049089X09000854#:~:text=On%20average%2C%20African,Xie%2C%201999).\">enroll in selective colleges and universities<\/a>. The criteria for admissions at some of these schools is in the spotlight due to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2022\/10\/affirmative-action-appears-in-jeopardy-after-marathon-arguments\/#:~:text=The%20lawsuits%20at%20the%20center%20of%20the%20dispute%20before%20the%20court%20on%20Monday%20were%20filed%20in%202014%20against%20Harvard%20College%20and%20the%20University%20of%20North%20Carolina%20by%20a%20group%20called%20Students%20for%20Fair%20Admissions.\">pair of cases before the U.S. Supreme Court<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2022\/10\/affirmative-action-appears-in-jeopardy-after-marathon-arguments\/\">Students for Fair Admissions (SFFA) argued to the high court<\/a> that Harvard College, a private university, discriminates against Asian American applicants because they are less likely to be admitted than White, Black and Hispanic applicants with similar qualifications. The group has also sued the University of North Carolina, a public university, over its use of race in college admissions decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, Asian American civil rights organizations such as the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund and Asian Americans Advancing Justice (AAJC) have filed briefs in support of race-conscious admissions.[2. On Aug. 1, 2022, the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund submitted an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aaldef.org\/uploads\/20-1199-amicus-brief-of-asian-american-legal-defense-and-education-fund.pdf\">amicus brief to the Supreme Court<\/a> on behalf of 121 Asian American groups and educators expressing support of race-conscious admissions at Harvard University and the University of North Carolina. Asian Americans Advancing Justice (AAJC) has also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.advancingjustice-aajc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-08\/AAJC%20-%20LC%20Harvard%20--%20SCOTUS%20Amicus%20Brief%20-%20FINAL%208.1.22.pdf\">filed a brief in support of the respondents<\/a> who support holistic admissions on behalf of a group of Harvard students and alumni.] The court is expected to decide the cases by the end of June 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;majority-of-asian-americans-say-race-shouldn-t-be-a-factor-in-college-admissions&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"majority-of-asian-americans-say-race-shouldn-t-be-a-factor-in-college-admissions\">Majority of Asian Americans say race shouldn\u2019t be a factor in college admissions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-123964\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action\/re_2023-06-08_asian-americans-affirmative-action_0-04-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e5e9e8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e5e9e8;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-04.png?resize=480,544 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-04.png?resize=782,886 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-04.png?resize=840,952 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"476\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-04.png?w=420\" alt=\"Bar chart showing relatively few Asian Americans say race or ethnicity should play a role in college admissions decisions\" class=\"wp-image-123964 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The concept of affirmative action is relatively popular among those familiar with the phrase. But when it comes to college admissions, opinions differ about which factors should be considered when deciding which students to admit to colleges and universities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asked about a list of factors that colleges should consider, only 21% of Asian adults say colleges should consider race and ethnicity when deciding which students to accept. By contrast, Asian adults broadly say high school grades (87%), community service (71%) and standardized test scores (71%) should be factors considered in college admissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lower shares say athletic ability (33%), family income (26%) and gender (17%) should be considered. Few Asian adults (10%) say schools should consider family connections or \u201clegacies\u201d in admissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, majorities of Asian adults across gender, age, education and origin groups say race or ethnicity should <em>not<\/em> factor into college admissions. Similar shares of Indian (77%), Chinese (76%), Filipino (76%), Vietnamese (76%), Korean (72%) and Japanese (70%) American adults express this view.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While Asian Republicans and Asian Democrats differ in their views of whether affirmative action is a good or bad thing, majorities of both groups notably say race or ethnicity should not play a role in college admissions. Among Asian Republicans, 90% say race or ethnicity should not be considered, and 69% of Asian Democrats say the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, more Asian immigrants (80%) than those who are U.S. born (64%) say race and ethnicity should not be considered in admissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;comparisons-with-other-americans&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comparisons-with-other-americans\">Comparisons with other Americans<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-123965\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action\/re_2023-06-08_asian-americans-affirmative-action_0-05-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e7e6e1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e7e6e1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-05.png?resize=480,645 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-05.png?resize=782,1050 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-05.png?resize=840,1128 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"564\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-05.png?w=420\" alt=\"Bar chart showing U.S. adults who have heard of affirmative action are more likely to say it is good than bad; still, 82% of all adults say college admissions shouldn\u2019t consider race\" class=\"wp-image-123965 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compared with Asian Americans, U.S. adults overall who have heard of affirmative action are less likely to have a favorable view of it, with 36% saying it is a good thing and 29% saying it is a bad thing in a December 2022 survey. Regardless, only 17% say college admissions should take race into account. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among racial and ethnic groups, Black Americans are the most likely to say affirmative action is a good thing (61%), while fewer say it is a bad thing (7%). Yet, a much smaller share (28%) of Black adults think colleges should consider race and ethnicity when deciding which students to accept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;asian-adults-say-considering-race-and-ethnicity-in-college-admissions-has-mixed-impacts-in-education&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"asian-adults-say-considering-race-and-ethnicity-in-college-admissions-has-mixed-impacts-in-education\">Asian adults say considering race and ethnicity in college admissions has mixed impacts in education<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-123966\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action\/re_2023-06-08_asian-americans-affirmative-action_0-06-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e4e3e1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e4e3e1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-06.png?resize=480,715 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-06.png?resize=782,1166 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-06.png?resize=840,1252 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"626\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-06.png?w=420\" alt=\"Bar chart showing Asian Americans are especially likely to say that when colleges consider race in admissions, it negatively affects fairness and student quality, but they also say considering race in admissions has a positive impact on educational experiences and equal opportunity \" class=\"wp-image-123966 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Substantial shares of Asian Americans say that when selective colleges consider race and ethnicity in admissions decisions, it negatively affects fairness and student quality, according to a Center survey of U.S. adults conducted March 27-April 2, 2023, that included a sample of Asian adults interviewed only in English.[3. About seven-in-ten Asian adults (72%) either speak only English or say they speak English \u201cvery well,\u201d according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/04\/29\/key-facts-about-asian-americans\/\">Pew Research Center analysis<\/a> of the 2019 American Community Survey.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About half (53%) of English-speaking Asians say considering race and ethnicity in admissions would make the admissions process less fair, while 18% say it would make the process more fair. Meanwhile, 36% of English-speaking Asian adults say having race play a role in admissions decisions results in less-qualified students being admitted, compared with 17% who say admitted students would be more qualified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, some English-speaking Asians also say affirmative action in college admissions can have a positive impact, according to the March survey. Nearly half (47%) say using race and ethnicity in admissions decisions is good for promoting equal opportunities, compared with 29% who say it is bad. In addition, English-speaking Asians are somewhat more likely to say affirmative action will improve all accepted students\u2019 overall college experience rather than make it worse (37% vs. 24%). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The March survey of U.S. adults also shows that English-speaking Asian adults and Hispanic adults offer mostly mixed assessments of considering race in college admissions. By contrast, Black adults express generally supportive attitudes toward considering race in college admissions, while White adults voice <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2023\/06\/08\/more-americans-disapprove-than-approve-of-colleges-considering-race-ethnicity-in-admissions-decisions\/\">less supportive views<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;asian-americans-have-differing-experiences-with-efforts-to-increase-racial-and-ethnic-diversity-in-education-and-the-workplace&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"asian-americans-have-differing-experiences-with-efforts-to-increase-racial-and-ethnic-diversity-in-education-and-the-workplace\">Asian Americans have differing experiences with efforts to increase racial and ethnic diversity in education and the workplace<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When asked about their experiences with efforts to increase diversity in broader settings including education, career or jobs, about one-in-four English-speaking Asian adults (27%) say they have been at a disadvantage due to these efforts, a share similar to that among all U.S. adults (24%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, 18% of English-speaking Asian adults say they think they have ever been at an advantage because of efforts to increase racial and ethnicity diversity. The share is similar among Black (20%) and Hispanic adults (15%), but fewer White adults say this (7%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some 13% of English-speaking Asian adults say they think people have assumed they benefited unfairly from efforts to increase diversity; a similar share of all U.S. adults (15%) say the same. Meanwhile, a greater share of Hispanic (22%) and Black (28%) adults say they think people have assumed they benefited unfairly from these types of efforts. Among White adults, just 10% say the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-123967\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action\/re_2023-06-08_asian-americans-affirmative-action_0-07-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e8e6e1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e8e6e1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-07.png?resize=480,281 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-07.png?resize=782,457 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-07.png?resize=960,561 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-07.png?resize=1200,701 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-07.png?resize=1280,748 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"374\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_0-07.png?w=640\" alt=\"Bar chart showing about a quarter of Asian adults say they personally have been disadvantaged by efforts to increase diversity; about one-in-five say they have personally benefited\" class=\"wp-image-123967 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-callout has-beige-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"in-their-own-words-qualitative-research-findings-related-to-how-asians-in-the-u-s-view-affirmative-action\">In their own words: Qualitative&nbsp;research findings related to how Asians in the U.S. view affirmative action<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a 2021 Pew Research Center <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2022\/08\/02\/what-it-means-to-be-asian-in-america\/\">qualitative research study<\/a> of Asian Americans, focus group participants were asked about their views of affirmative action policies. All participants were given the following description of affirmative action as background before each of the discussions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAffirmative action is a legislative approach to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment and education from which they have been historically excluded. In recent decades, some local and state governments have proposed affirmative action policies for racial minorities who are historically underrepresented such as Black Americans, Hispanics and Asian Americans.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three types of views emerged from the focus groups: mixed, negative and positive. The following are some examples from these focus group discussions, lightly edited for style and clarity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many participants expressed a mixed view of affirmative action. Those who held mixed feelings usually affirmed the concept for its promotion of equality. At the same time, some also questioned how effective affirmative action is in practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-style-default has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0816713e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#5b7344\">\u201cWell, I always feel a little mixed about it. I think there are people that cannot advocate for themselves that it probably has helped, but I think it also has hindered those individuals that have either accomplished a lot on their own because people make an assumption that they got helped or that you\u2019re part of a quota. So that part of it, I think, is very difficult. It does diminish a little bit for those that really have done it on their own too. \u2026 So I feel really mixed about that, but I think it did open a lot of doors initially. The thought behind it was probably good and noble in some ways, but I\u2019m not sure it\u2019s very effective too.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right sans-serif has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#5b7344\">\u2013U.S.-born woman of Japanese origin in mid-60s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other focus group participants said affirmative action hurts Asian Americans in college admissions. Some participants who view affirmative action negatively think it helps Asians less relative to other minority groups, if at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-style-default has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0816713e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#5b7344\">\u201cThere are very, like, pretty big downsides to it but also it hurts Asians the most because, like, affirmative action stuff, like with college board and SAT scores, they dock us down. It\u2019s not based on merit, it\u2019s based on just affirmative action. They want non-Asians \u2013 less Asians in there.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right sans-serif has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#5b7344\">\u2013U.S.-born man of Laotian origin in mid-20s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, many focus groups participants mentioned affirmative action opening doors for them in the job market, while others said it helps elevate the group\u2019s political representation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-style-default has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0816713e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#5b7344\">\u201cI think that when we apply for a high-position job, we have to compete for more than the [U.S. born]. If this policy becomes true, Asian Americans, especially women, will have better benefits and it will bring some happiness to us.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right sans-serif has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#5b7344\">\u2013Immigrant woman of Thai origin in late 30s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-style-default has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0816713e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#5b7344\">\u201c[W]e need a seat at the table. \u2026 I mean, even as far as I know, Asian Americans, Filipino Americans have the lowest voter count, and so without having a seat at the table, like how are we going to be heard? So yeah, I mean, I\u2019m down with affirmative action.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right sans-serif has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#5b7344\">\u2013U.S.-born man of Filipino origin in late 40s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-methodological-note-no-matter-how-we-asked-about-topics-related-to-affirmative-action-asian-americans-expressed-mixed-views\">A methodological note: No matter how we asked about topics related to affirmative action, Asian Americans expressed mixed views<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How one asks questions in public opinion surveys matters in measuring the public\u2019s attitudes toward issues. In survey research, <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/our-methods\/u-s-surveys\/writing-survey-questions\">differences in how questions are framed<\/a> can substantially affect the answers survey respondents provide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This report focuses on Asian Americans\u2019 views of affirmative action and race and ethnicity in college admissions. Another <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2023\/06\/08\/more-americans-disapprove-than-approve-of-colleges-considering-race-ethnicity-in-admissions-decisions\/\">accompanying Pew Research Center report<\/a> focuses on public views of the consideration of race and ethnicity in admissions to selective colleges and universities. Both reports took four broad approaches to understand the public\u2019s range of views on these topics:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>We measured attitudes among those who have heard of affirmative action without any description of the program. <\/strong>In this approach, we first directly asked respondents, \u201cHave you ever heard the phrase \u2018affirmative action?\u2019\u201d with no description of affirmative action programs or their goals. We then asked respondents who are aware of affirmative action, \u201cDo you think affirmative action is a good thing, a bad thing or you don\u2019t know?\u201d We asked these questions on two surveys, both of which show similar results for Asian Americans. <a><br><br><\/a>On the 2022-23 survey of Asian American adults, 74% had heard of affirmative action, compared with 67% English-speaking Asian adults on the December 2022 survey of U.S. adults. Among those who had heard the phrase \u201caffirmative action,\u201d 53% of Asian adults said it is a good thing and 19% said it is a bad thing on the 2022-23 Asian Americans survey, compared with 42% of English-speaking Asians who said it is a good thing and 27% who said it is a bad thing on the December 2022 U.S. population survey.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>We measured attitudes toward criteria for college admissions, including race and ethnicity, without mentioning the term \u201caffirmative action.\u201d<\/strong> After being asked specifically about \u201caffirmative action,\u201d respondents were asked if a series of factors such as high school grades, standardized test scores, athletic ability, family income, gender, and race and ethnicity should be considered when colleges decide which students to accept.<br><br>On the 2022-23 survey of Asian American adults, 21% said race or ethnicity should be considered, while 76% said it should not. In the separate December 2022 survey of U.S. adults, 15% of English-speaking Asian Americans said race or ethnicity should be considered, while 85% said it should not.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>We measured views toward race and ethnicity as a factor in selective colleges\u2019 admissions for the purpose of increasing the school\u2019s racial and ethnic diversity.<\/strong> We asked respondents whether they approve of such practices but did not mention the term \u201caffirmative action.\u201d This question was asked in a separate Pew Research Center national survey of U.S. adults conducted in March 2023. While 37% of English-speaking Asian adults said they approve of the practice, a higher share (52%) said they disapprove, a result similar to that for all U.S. adults (33% approve and 50% disapprove).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>We assessed views of potential impacts of the practice of using race and ethnicity in selective colleges\u2019 admissions to increase racial and ethnic diversity.<\/strong> Respondents to the March 2023 survey were further asked what impact they think this practice has on fairness of the process, student qualifications, students\u2019 college experiences, and ensuring equal opportunity for Americans of all racial and ethnic backgrounds \u2013 again with no reference to the \u201caffirmative action\u201d label.<br><br>About half of English-speaking Asian adults said this practice makes the admissions process less fair (53%), while 18% said it makes the process fairer. The share saying this process leads to less-qualified students being admitted (36%) was higher than the share who said it leads to more qualified students (17%). By contrast, more English-speaking Asian adults said it makes all accepted students\u2019 overall college experiences better (37%) than worse (24%), and more said it is good (47%) for ensuring equal opportunity than bad for it (29%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across all these approaches, the surveys find Asian American adults hold mixed views about affirmative action and related topics. While about half who have heard of affirmative action say it is a good thing, 76% of Asian adults say colleges should not use race or ethnicity in college admissions decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another survey of English-speaking Asian adults finds 52% disapprove of using race and ethnicity in selective college admissions to increase racial and ethnic diversity of student bodies. And more say the process is less fair when race and ethnicity is used in selective college admissions (53%) than say it is more fair (18%). Still, English-speaking Asian adults are more likely to say these practices are <em>good<\/em> for ensuring equal opportunity for all Americans than to say these practices are bad for the same goal (47% vs. 29%).&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About half of Asian adults who have heard of affirmative action (53%) say it is a good thing, 19% say it is a bad thing, and 27% say they don\u2019t know whether it is good or bad. However, about three-quarters of all Asian adults (76%) say race or ethnicity should not factor into college admissions decisions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":578,"featured_media":123971,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"Most are skeptical of considering race and ethnicity in college admissions","sub_title":"Most are skeptical of considering race and ethnicity in college admissions","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_api_pending":"","apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_hidden":false,"relatedPosts":[{"key":"_f197nfrbb","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2022\/08\/02\/what-it-means-to-be-asian-in-america\/","postId":412355,"title":"What It Means To Be Asian in America","date":"2022-08-02T13:25:30","label":"Data Essay"},{"key":"_5qbce9puf","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2023\/05\/08\/diverse-cultures-and-shared-experiences-shape-asian-american-identities\/","postId":429437,"title":"Diverse Cultures and Shared Experiences Shape Asian American Identities","date":"2023-05-08T13:58:37","label":"Report"},{"key":"_h4fmsd31q","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/04\/29\/key-facts-about-asian-americans\/","postId":328427,"title":"Key facts about Asian Americans, a diverse and growing population","date":"2021-04-29T13:58:21","label":"Short Read"},{"key":"_8cnuyvgjs","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/25\/asian-voters-in-the-u-s-tend-to-be-democratic-but-vietnamese-american-voters-are-an-exception\/","postId":430151,"title":"Asian voters in the U.S. tend to be Democratic, but Vietnamese American voters are an exception","date":"2023-05-25T11:00:02","label":"Short Read"},{"key":"_aho0rrz8c","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2023\/06\/08\/more-americans-disapprove-than-approve-of-colleges-considering-race-ethnicity-in-admissions-decisions\/","postId":430724,"title":"More Americans Disapprove Than Approve of Colleges Considering Race, Ethnicity in Admissions Decisions","date":"2023-06-08T12:56:20","label":"Report"}],"reportMaterials":[{"key":"_esch6oxro","type":"report","attachmentId":123969,"url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_Report.pdf"},{"key":"_hfpbfb6ql","type":"topline","attachmentId":123968,"url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_Topline.pdf"}],"multiSectionReport":[{"key":"_albo19yvx","postId":109252},{"key":"_qcbkir9nw","postId":109257}],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[423,150,374,141],"tags":[],"bylines":[629,978,583],"collection":[],"datasets":[2432,2415],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[523],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-109243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-affirmative-action","category-asian-americans","category-higher-education","category-racial-bias-discrimination","bylines-jens-manuel-krogstad","bylines-neil-g-ruiz","bylines-ziyao-tian","datasets-2022-23-survey-of-asian-americans","datasets-american-trends-panel-wave-118","formats-report","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-race-and-ethnicity"],"label":false,"post_parent":0,"word_count":3802,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":123971,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"(Thai Liang Li\/Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":123971,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"(Thai Liang Li\/Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":123971,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"caption":"(Thai Liang Li\/Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":123971,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"(Thai Liang Li\/Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":123971,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"caption":"(Thai Liang Li\/Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"social":{"id":123971,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured-jpg.webp?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"caption":"(Thai Liang Li\/Getty Images)","chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":109243,"title":"Asian Americans Hold Mixed Views Around Affirmative Action","slug":"asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action\/","is_active":true},{"id":109252,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"affirmative-action-asian-americans-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/affirmative-action-asian-americans-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false},{"id":109257,"title":"Methodologies","slug":"affirmative-action-asian-americans-methodologies","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/affirmative-action-asian-americans-methodologies\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"_esch6oxro","type":"report","attachmentId":123969,"url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_Report.pdf","label":"","icon":""},{"key":"_hfpbfb6ql","type":"topline","attachmentId":123968,"url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_Topline.pdf","label":"","icon":""},{"type":"dataset","id":2432,"label":"2022-23 Survey of Asian Americans","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/dataset\/2022-23-survey-of-asian-americans\/"},{"type":"dataset","id":2415,"label":"American Trends Panel Wave 118","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/dataset\/american-trends-panel-wave-118\/"}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":109243,"title":"Asian Americans Hold Mixed Views Around Affirmative Action","slug":"asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action\/","is_active":true,"page_num":1},"next_post":{"id":109252,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"affirmative-action-asian-americans-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/affirmative-action-asian-americans-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},"previous_post":null,"pagination_items":[{"id":109243,"title":"Asian Americans Hold Mixed Views Around Affirmative Action","slug":"asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/asian-americans-hold-mixed-views-around-affirmative-action\/","is_active":true,"page_num":1},{"id":109252,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"affirmative-action-asian-americans-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/affirmative-action-asian-americans-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":109257,"title":"Methodologies","slug":"affirmative-action-asian-americans-methodologies","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-and-ethnicity\/2023\/06\/08\/affirmative-action-asian-americans-methodologies\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"Asian Americans Hold Mixed Views Around Affirmative Action","parent_id":109243},"materialsOrdered":[{"key":"_esch6oxro","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_Report.pdf","label":"","attachmentId":123969,"icon":""},{"key":"_hfpbfb6ql","type":"topline","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_Topline.pdf","label":"","attachmentId":123968,"icon":""}],"chaptersOrdered":[{"key":"_albo19yvx","postId":109252},{"key":"_qcbkir9nw","postId":109257}],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"Asian Americans' Views of Affirmative Action","description":"About half of Asian adults who have heard of affirmative action say it is a good thing. But about three-quarters of all Asian adults say race or ethnicity should not factor into college admissions decisions.","og_title":"Asian Americans Hold Mixed Views Around Affirmative Action","og_description":"About half of Asian adults who have heard of affirmative action (53%) say it is a good thing, 19% say it is a bad thing, and 27% say they don\u2019t know whether it is good or bad. However, about three-quarters of all Asian adults (76%) say race or ethnicity should not factor into college admissions decisions.","schema_type":"Article","noindex":false,"canonical_url":"","primary_terms":{"category":141,"formats":458,"regions-countries":515,"research-teams":523},"custom_schema":[],"og_image":123971,"indexnow_submitted_at":null,"gsc_index_status":null},"prepublish_checks":{"prc-image-alt-text":{"status":"complete","message":"All images have alt text.","data":null},"prc-about-this-research":{"status":"incomplete","message":"Add an \"About this research\" details block.","data":null},"prc-paragraph-count":{"status":"complete","message":"Found 65 paragraphs.","data":{"count":65}},"prc-internal-link":{"status":"complete","message":"Found 23 internal links.","data":{"count":23}}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/06\/RE_2023.06.08_Asian-Americans-Affirmative-Action_featured.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"relatedPostsOrdered":[{"date":"2022-08-02T13:25:30","key":"_f197nfrbb","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2022\/08\/02\/what-it-means-to-be-asian-in-america\/","permalink":"","postId":412355,"title":"What It Means To Be Asian in America","label":"Data Essay"},{"date":"2023-05-08T13:58:37","key":"_5qbce9puf","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/race-ethnicity\/2023\/05\/08\/diverse-cultures-and-shared-experiences-shape-asian-american-identities\/","permalink":"","postId":429437,"title":"Diverse Cultures and Shared Experiences Shape Asian American Identities","label":"Report"},{"date":"2021-04-29T13:58:21","key":"_h4fmsd31q","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2021\/04\/29\/key-facts-about-asian-americans\/","permalink":"","postId":328427,"title":"Key facts about Asian Americans, a diverse and growing population","label":"Short Read"},{"date":"2023-05-25T11:00:02","key":"_8cnuyvgjs","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/25\/asian-voters-in-the-u-s-tend-to-be-democratic-but-vietnamese-american-voters-are-an-exception\/","permalink":"","postId":430151,"title":"Asian voters in the U.S. tend to be Democratic, but Vietnamese American voters are an exception","label":"Short Read"},{"date":"2023-06-08T12:56:20","key":"_aho0rrz8c","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2023\/06\/08\/more-americans-disapprove-than-approve-of-colleges-considering-race-ethnicity-in-admissions-decisions\/","permalink":"","postId":430724,"title":"More Americans Disapprove Than Approve of Colleges Considering Race, Ethnicity in Admissions Decisions","label":"Report"}],"bylinesOrdered":[{"key":"_oqr0hr974","termId":978},{"key":"_3frya0i35","termId":583},{"key":"_duk5k2w31","termId":629}],"acknowledgementsOrdered":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109243","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/578"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109243"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":223861,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109243\/revisions\/223861"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/123971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"bylines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bylines?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"collection","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/collection?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"datasets","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/datasets?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"level_of_effort","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/level_of_effort?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"primary_audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/primary_audience?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"information_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/information_type?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"_post_visibility","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_post_visibility?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/formats?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"_fund_pool","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_fund_pool?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/languages?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"regions-countries","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regions-countries?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"research-teams","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-teams?post=109243"},{"taxonomy":"workflow-status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/workflow-status?post=109243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}