{"id":198574,"date":"2025-02-26T06:09:14","date_gmt":"2025-02-26T11:09:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=198574"},"modified":"2026-06-10T09:03:44","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T13:03:44","slug":"religious-landscape-study-religious-identity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/religious-landscape-study-religious-identity\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Religious identity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The religious composition of the United States has been fairly stable in half a dozen Pew Research Center surveys conducted since 2020. The Christian share of the adult population has been between 60% and 64% in these surveys, while the religiously unaffiliated share has ranged from 28% to 31%. Adherents of religions other than Christianity have consistently accounted for 6% or 7% of U.S. adults throughout this period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198899\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f2f0f0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f2f0f0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-01.png?resize=480,670 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-01.png?resize=620,866 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"433\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-01.png?w=620\" alt=\"Line chart showing the stability in religious identity since 2020\" class=\"wp-image-198899 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over the longer term, however, Christians have been declining as a percentage of the U.S. adult population, while the share that is religiously unaffiliated has been rising. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198900\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1efef\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-02.png?resize=480,601 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-02.png?resize=620,776 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"388\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-02.png?w=620\" alt=\"Line chart showing the long-term decline of Christians, rise of religiously unaffiliated Americans\" class=\"wp-image-198900 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1efef; width:310px;height:auto\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(For an extended discussion of what explains the short-term stability in American religion amid a longer-term decline, refer to this report\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/decline-of-christianity-in-the-us-has-slowed-may-have-leveled-off\/\">Overview<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This chapter draws on the 2007, 2014 and 2023-24 Religious Landscape Studies to summarize the long-term trends in Americans\u2019 religious identities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The data shows that the Christian share of the population has declined across many demographic groups. Compared with 2007, the percentage of people who describe themselves as Christians is lower among men and women; college graduates and those with less education; all racial and ethnic groups large enough to analyze; all age groups; and all geographic sectors of the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The picture is reversed for the religiously unaffiliated \u2013 a group sometimes referred to as religious \u201cnones.\u201d The \u201cnones\u201d are made up of U.S. adults who describe themselves as atheists, agnostics or \u201cnothing in particular\u201d when asked about their religion. The ranks of \u201cnones\u201d have <em>grown<\/em> among men and women, married and unmarried people; college graduates and people with less education; all large racial and ethnic groups; all age groups; and in all regions of the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>This chapter includes sections on:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#trends-within-christianity\">Trends within Christianity<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#a-detailed-look-at-the-size-of-protestant-denominations\">A detailed look at the size of Protestant denominations<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#trends-among-religiously-unaffiliated-americans\">Trends among religiously unaffiliated Americans<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#trends-among-religions-other-than-christianity\">Trends among religions other than Christianity<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The chapter concludes with a set of <a href=\"#detailed-tables\">detailed tables<\/a> on the religious composition of key demographic groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;trends-within-christianity&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"trends-within-christianity\">Trends within Christianity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 2023-24 Religious Landscape Study (RLS), 62% of respondents identify as Christian, which is lower than the Christian shares measured in the 2007 (78%) and 2014 (71%) studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198901\"><img data-dominant-color=\"efefef\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #efefef;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-03.png?resize=480,489 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-03.png?resize=620,632 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"316\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-03.png?w=620\" alt=\"Table showing Christians have declined as a share of the U.S. adult population\" class=\"wp-image-198901 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Protestant share of the population declined from 51% in 2007 to 40% in 2023-24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Catholic share of the population, meanwhile, ticked down from 24% in 2007 to 21% in 2014. Since then, it has ranged between 18% and 21% <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/decline-of-christianity-in-the-us-has-slowed-may-have-leveled-off\/#trends-within-christianity\">in Center surveys<\/a>, and it stands at 19% in the 2023-24 RLS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (widely known as Mormons) have accounted for 2% of respondents in all three religious landscape surveys. Orthodox Christians account for 1% of the population in the latest RLS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fewer than 1% of respondents in the new survey identify as Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses, and 1% identify either with more than one Christian group (e.g., people who say they identify as both Protestant and Catholic) or with a variety of other, smaller Christian groups (including Messianic Jews, Christian Scientists, or offshoots of Catholicism that are not in communion with Rome).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"christian-shares-across-social-and-demographic-groups\">Christian shares across social and demographic groups<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In all three of our landscape studies, younger Americans, men, unmarried people and college graduates have identified as Christians at lower rates than, respectively, older adults, women, married people and adults with less than a college degree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But one thing all these demographic groups have in common is a long-term decline in the share who identify as Christians. For example, although women have identified as Christians at higher levels than men in all three landscape surveys, the share of women saying they are Christian has dropped from 82% in the first RLS (2007) to 66% in the most recent one (2023-24).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, people of every racial and ethnic background that we measure are less likely to say they are Christian now than they were in 2007, as are people in every major region of the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198902\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f7f7f7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f7f7f7;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-04.png?resize=480,597 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-04.png?resize=782,973 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-04.png?resize=960,1194 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-04.png?resize=1200,1493 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-04.png?resize=1280,1592 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"796\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-04.png?w=823\" alt=\"Table showing the shrinking share of Christians across many social and demographic groups in the United States\" class=\"wp-image-198902 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;a-detailed-look-at-the-size-of-protestant-denominations&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-detailed-look-at-the-size-of-protestant-denominations\">A detailed look at the size of Protestant denominations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One feature of the RLS is that it includes detailed, branching questions to gather information about specific types of Protestants. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The RLS seeks to learn not just whether someone is Protestant, but also what <em>family<\/em> <em>of denominations<\/em> (Baptist, Methodist, Lutheran, etc.) they may belong to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, the RLS goes a step further, seeking to learn which <em>specific denomination<\/em> within a Protestant family the respondent identifies with, if any. We ask Baptists, for instance, whether they identify with the Southern Baptist Convention; the American Baptist Churches USA; the National Baptist Convention, USA; or another Baptist church. We ask Methodists whether they identify with the United Methodist Church, the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the Global Methodist Church, or another kind of church.[30. numoffset=&#8221;30&#8243; The denominations mentioned in this paragraph do not represent all the denominations asked about in the survey. For the full question wording, refer to <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_questionnaire-web-phone.pdf\">the questionnaire<\/a>.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We take this information about which specific denomination respondents identify with and then we categorize Protestants into one of three <em>major Protestant traditions<\/em> \u2013 the evangelical tradition, the mainline tradition or the historically Black Protestant tradition. These divisions within Protestantism are important, because each has a distinctive combination of beliefs, practices and histories.[31. For example, churches in the evangelical tradition tend to share the conviction that personal acceptance of Jesus Christ is the only way to salvation; emphasize bringing other people to the faith; and originated in separatist movements against established religious institutions. Churches in the mainline tradition, by comparison, tend to have a less exclusive view of salvation and place an emphasis on social reform. Churches in the historically Black Protestant tradition have been shaped uniquely by the experiences of slavery and segregation, which put their religious beliefs and practices in a special context.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, some respondents don\u2019t identify with any specific denomination. For example, some describe themselves as \u201cjust Baptist,\u201d \u201cjust Lutheran\u201d or \u201cjust Christian\u201d without providing additional details. In these cases, we use a question that asks respondents whether they think of themselves as \u201cborn-again or evangelical\u201d Christians, along with information about their race and ethnicity, to help classify them into one of the three major Protestant traditions. (Refer to <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/appendix-b-classification-of-protestant-denominations\/\">Appendix B<\/a> for complete details about how Protestants are sorted into the evangelical, mainline and historically Black traditions.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All three of these Protestant traditions have declined, at least a little, as shares of the U.S. adult population since the first RLS was conducted in 2007. The mainline Protestant category has exhibited the sharpest drop, declining from 18% of U.S. adults in 2007 to 11% in 2023-24. Evangelicalism remains the largest tradition within Protestantism, but the evangelical share of the adult population also has ticked down, going from 26% in 2007, to 25% in 2014, to 23% in 2023-24. Respondents in the historically Black Protestant tradition accounted for 7% of respondents in 2007 and 5% in 2023-24 (after rounding to the closest whole number).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because of the steepness of the decline in mainline Protestantism, evangelicals have <em>risen<\/em> as a share of all<em> Protestants<\/em> (even as evangelicals have fallen as a percentage of the overall adult population).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198903\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f0f0f0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f0f0f0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-05.png?resize=480,227 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-05.png?resize=782,370 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-05.png?resize=960,455 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-05.png?resize=1200,568 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-05.png?resize=1280,606 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"303\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-05.png?w=1024\" alt=\"Table showing mainline Protestants have declined as a share of both the overall public and of all Protestants\" class=\"wp-image-198903 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"largest-protestant-denominational-families\">Largest Protestant denominational families<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baptists have been the single largest family of U.S. Protestant denominations in all three religious landscape surveys. They make up 12% of U.S. adults as of 2023-24. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nondenominational Protestants, the second-largest family of Protestant denominations, now account for 7% of the adult population. This is the only Protestant family of denominations that is <em>larger as a share of the U.S. population <\/em>in the new survey than it was in the first RLS.[32. In the Religious Landscape Studies, respondents are <em>only<\/em> categorized as nondenominational Protestants if they identify themselves <em>explicitly<\/em> as a \u201cnondenominational Protestant\u201d or a \u201cnondenominational Christian.\u201d The \u201cNondenominational Protestant\u201d category does <em>not<\/em> include respondents who identify themselves as \u201cjust Christian\u201d or \u201cjust a Protestant,\u201d nor does it include people who identify with Protestantism but not with any particular denomination; these latter types of responses are included in the \u201cNonspecific Protestant\u201d category.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198904\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f4f4f4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f4f4f4;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-06.png?resize=480,434 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-06.png?resize=782,707 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-06.png?resize=960,869 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-06.png?resize=1200,1086 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-06.png?resize=1280,1158 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"579\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-06.png?w=1024\" alt=\"Table showing among Protestants, share who are nondenominational has doubled since 2007\" class=\"wp-image-198904 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most other denominational families have seen either a slight decline or relative stability in their share of the U.S. adult population since 2007. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the new survey, 4% of respondents identify with the Southern Baptist Convention, the nation\u2019s largest evangelical denomination in our categorization. And 3% of U.S. adults identify with the United Methodist Church, making it the largest mainline denomination in the new survey. Overall, 1% of respondents in the new survey say they identify with the National Baptist Convention, USA, and 1% affiliate with the Church of God in Christ \u2013 two of the largest denominations in the historically Black Protestant tradition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198905\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f2f2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f2f2;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-07.png?resize=480,401 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-07.png?resize=782,652 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-07.png?resize=960,801 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-07.png?resize=1200,1001 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-07.png?resize=1280,1068 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"534\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-07.png?w=1024\" alt=\"Table showing the largest Protestant denominations in the United States\" class=\"wp-image-198905 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;trends-among-religiously-unaffiliated-americans&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"trends-among-religiously-unaffiliated-americans\">Trends among religiously unaffiliated Americans<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About three-in-ten Americans (29%) are religiously unaffiliated, according to the 2023-24 RLS. This includes 5% who identify as atheist, 6% who say they are agnostic, and 19% who describe their religion as \u201cnothing in particular.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198906\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eeeeee\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eeeeee;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-08.png?resize=480,406 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-08.png?resize=620,524 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"262\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-08.png?w=620\" alt=\"Table showing 19% of U.S. adults now say their religion is \u2018nothing in particular\u2019\" class=\"wp-image-198906 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The share of Americans who are religiously unaffiliated \u2013 also known as religious \u201cnones\u201d \u2013 is markedly higher in the 2023-24 RLS than it was in 2007 (16%) and 2014 (23%). In the last several years, however, the growth of the \u201cnones\u201d seems to have slowed. (Refer to the <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/decline-of-christianity-in-the-us-has-slowed-may-have-leveled-off\/\">Overview<\/a> of this report for additional discussion of the short-term stability in the religiously unaffiliated population.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the percentage of \u201cnones\u201d varies across social and demographic groups, the direction of the trend from 2007 to 2023-24 is the same across the board: It is up, at least marginally, in every category.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among Americans born in the 1980s, for example, 26% were religiously unaffiliated in 2007. In 2023-24, that share stands at 37%. The percentage of \u201cnones\u201d also has grown among both men and women; among married and unmarried people; within all major racial and ethnic categories; and in all regions of the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198907\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f7f8f8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f7f8f8;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-09.png?resize=480,587 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-09.png?resize=782,957 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-09.png?resize=960,1175 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-09.png?resize=1200,1468 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-09.png?resize=1280,1566 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"783\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-09.png?w=837\" alt=\"Table showing \u2018nones\u2019 have risen as a share of all major demographic groups since 2007\" class=\"wp-image-198907 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;trends-among-religions-other-than-christianity&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"trends-among-religions-other-than-christianity\">Trends among religions other than Christianity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198908\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eeeeee\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eeeeee;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-010.png?resize=480,456 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-010.png?resize=782,743 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-010.png?resize=840,798 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"399\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-010.png?w=840\" alt=\"Table showing the share of U.S. adults who identify as Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu or with another non-Christian religion now stands at 7.1%\" class=\"wp-image-198908 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The share of Americans who identify with religions other than Christianity has increased \u2013 albeit from a small base \u2013 from 4.7% of U.S. adults in the 2007 RLS to 7.1% in the 2023-24 RLS.[33. Pew Research Center typically reports survey results rounded to the nearest whole number. However, the Religious Landscape Study (RLS) is an exceedingly large survey, and the margin of error for results based on the full sample is less than 1 percentage point. Thus, in some analyses, we show results out to one decimal point if that level of precision is necessary to illustrate trends over time.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198909\"><img data-dominant-color=\"efefef\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #efefef;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-011.png?resize=480,465 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-011.png?resize=782,758 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-011.png?resize=840,814 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"407\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-011.png?w=840\" alt=\"Table showing immigrants are more likely than U.S.-born adults to belong to non-Christian religions\" class=\"wp-image-198909 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the new survey, 1.7% of respondents identify as Jewish when asked about their religion, while 1.2% identify as Muslim, 1.1% as Buddhist, and 0.9% as Hindu. The new survey finds that less than 0.3% identify with other world religions (such as Sikhism, Daoism, Bahaism and Zoroastrianism) and 1.9% identify with something else, religiously speaking (such as Unitarian Universalism, Pantheism, Wicca, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Immigrants in the United States are more likely than adults who were born in the U.S. to identify with a non-Christian religion. Among immigrants, 14% identify with a religion other than Christianity, compared with 6% of respondents born in the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;detailed-tables&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"detailed-tables\">Detailed tables<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198910\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f3f3f3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f3f3f3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-012.png?resize=480,1027 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-012.png?resize=620,1326 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"663\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-012.png?w=479\" alt=\"Table showing the religious affiliation of U.S. adults\" class=\"wp-image-198910 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198911\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f1f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f1f1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-013.png?resize=480,518 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-013.png?resize=782,844 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-013.png?resize=960,1037 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-013.png?resize=1200,1296 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-013.png?resize=1280,1382 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"691\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-013.png?w=948\" alt=\"Table showing the religious composition of birth cohorts: U.S. adults born in 1949 or earlier through those born in the 1970s\" class=\"wp-image-198911 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198912\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f5f5f5\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f5f5f5;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-014.png?resize=480,517 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-014.png?resize=782,842 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-014.png?resize=960,1034 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-014.png?resize=1200,1292 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-014.png?resize=1280,1378 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"689\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-014.png?w=950\" alt=\"Table showing the religious composition of birth cohorts: U.S. adults born in the 1980s to 2006\" class=\"wp-image-198912 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198913\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f3f3f3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f3f3f3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-015.png?resize=480,522 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-015.png?resize=782,850 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-015.png?resize=960,1044 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-015.png?resize=1200,1305 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-015.png?resize=1280,1392 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"696\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-015.png?w=942\" alt=\"Table showing the religious composition of racial and ethnic groups\" class=\"wp-image-198913 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198914\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f6f6f6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f6f6f6;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-016.png?resize=480,541 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-016.png?resize=782,881 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-016.png?resize=960,1082 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-016.png?resize=1200,1352 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-016.png?resize=1280,1442 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"721\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-016.png?w=909\" alt=\"Table showing the religious composition by place of birth\" class=\"wp-image-198914 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198915\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f6f6f6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f6f6f6;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-017.png?resize=480,500 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-017.png?resize=782,815 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-017.png?resize=960,1001 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-017.png?resize=1200,1251 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-017.png?resize=1280,1334 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"667\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-017.png?w=983\" alt=\"Table showing the religious composition by educational attainment\" class=\"wp-image-198915 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198916\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f7f7f7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f7f7f7;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-018.png?resize=480,509 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-018.png?resize=782,830 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-018.png?resize=960,1019 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-018.png?resize=1200,1273 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-018.png?resize=1280,1358 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"679\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-018.png?w=965\" alt=\"Table showing the religious composition by gender\" class=\"wp-image-198916 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198917\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f7f7f7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f7f7f7;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-019.png?resize=480,500 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-019.png?resize=782,815 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-019.png?resize=960,1001 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-019.png?resize=1200,1251 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-019.png?resize=1280,1334 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"667\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-019.png?w=983\" alt=\"Table showing the religious composition by marital status\" class=\"wp-image-198917 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198918\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f1f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f1f1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-020.png?resize=480,545 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-020.png?resize=782,888 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-020.png?resize=960,1091 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-020.png?resize=1200,1363 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-020.png?resize=1280,1454 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"727\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/02\/PR_2025.02.26_religious-landscape-study_01-020.png?w=901\" alt=\"Table showing the religious composition by detailed marital status, among people who are not currently married\" class=\"wp-image-198918 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=198919\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f2f2f2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f2f2f2;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  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Religion and views on the role of government","slug":"religion-and-views-on-the-role-of-government","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/religion-and-views-on-the-role-of-government\/","is_active":false,"page_num":22},{"id":198691,"title":"21. Religion and views of right and wrong","slug":"religion-and-views-of-right-and-wrong","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/religion-and-views-of-right-and-wrong\/","is_active":false,"page_num":23},{"id":198696,"title":"22. Religion\u2019s role in public life","slug":"religious-landscape-study-religions-role-in-public-life","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/religious-landscape-study-religions-role-in-public-life\/","is_active":false,"page_num":24},{"id":198702,"title":"23. Religion and views of science","slug":"religion-and-views-of-science","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/religion-and-views-of-science\/","is_active":false,"page_num":25},{"id":198707,"title":"24. Age, race, education and other demographic traits of U.S. religious groups","slug":"age-race-education-and-other-demographic-traits-of-us-religious-groups","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/age-race-education-and-other-demographic-traits-of-us-religious-groups\/","is_active":false,"page_num":26},{"id":199980,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"religious-landscape-study-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/religious-landscape-study-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":27},{"id":198712,"title":"Methodology","slug":"religious-landscape-study-methodology","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/religious-landscape-study-methodology\/","is_active":false,"page_num":28},{"id":198570,"title":"Appendix A: Comparing results across Religious Landscape Studies","slug":"appendix-a-comparing-results-across-religious-landscape-studies","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/appendix-a-comparing-results-across-religious-landscape-studies\/","is_active":false,"page_num":29},{"id":199047,"title":"Appendix B: Classification of Protestant denominations","slug":"appendix-b-classification-of-protestant-denominations","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/appendix-b-classification-of-protestant-denominations\/","is_active":false,"page_num":30},{"id":199014,"title":"Appendix C: Comparing the Center\u2019s religion trends with those of other major surveys","slug":"appendix-c-comparing-the-centers-religion-trends-with-those-of-other-major-surveys","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/appendix-c-comparing-the-centers-religion-trends-with-those-of-other-major-surveys\/","is_active":false,"page_num":31}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"Decline of Christianity in the U.S. Has Slowed, May Have Leveled Off","parent_id":198882},"materialsOrdered":[],"chaptersOrdered":[],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"Smith, Gregory, Alan Cooperman, Becka Alper, Besheer Mohamed, Chip Rotolo, Patricia Tevington, Justin Nortey, Asta Kallo, Jeff Diamant and Dalia Fahmy.  2025.  \"Decline of Christianity in the U.S. Has Slowed, May Have Leveled Off.\"  Pew Research Center. doi: 10.58094\/4kqq-3112.","prc_seo_data":{"title":"Religious identity in the United States","description":"Christians\u2019 share among U.S. adults has fallen across demographic groups since 2007, but there has been overall stability in religious makeup since 2020. 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