{"id":24206,"date":"2023-11-09T09:55:38","date_gmt":"2023-11-09T14:55:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping\/"},"modified":"2025-04-02T13:23:52","modified_gmt":"2025-04-02T17:23:52","slug":"how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping\/","title":{"rendered":"2. How Americans see recent developments in tipping"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topic\/coronavirus-disease-covid-19\/\">COVID-19 pandemic<\/a>, subsequent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2021\/may\/14\/us-restaurant-workers-covid-pandemic-labor-shortages%20\">labor shortages and supply chain problems<\/a>, a <a href=\"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2023\/01\/24\/how-much-to-tip-restaurants-inflation-economy-americans-fed-up\/\">burst of inflation<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/tipping-culture-etiquette-evolving-with-gratuity-screens-everywhere\/\">new payment technologies<\/a> have upended large swaths of the service economy \u2013 including the tipped sectors. And a large majority of Americans have perceived a shift in the nation\u2019s tipping culture in recent years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-31441\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping\/sr_23-11-09_tipping-culture_02_01-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"edeae2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_01.png?resize=480,610 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_01.png?resize=782,994 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_01.png?resize=840,1068 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"814\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_01.png?w=640\" alt=\"Bar chart showing that across demographic groups, most Americans say tipping is expected in more places now than 5 years ago. Overall, 72% of U.S. adults say this.\" class=\"wp-image-31441 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #edeae2; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, 72% of U.S. adults say tipping is expected in more places today than it was five years ago. Only 5% say it is expected in fewer places, while 23% say it\u2019s expected in about the same number of places. Across demographic groups, majorities say tipping is expected in more places now compared with five years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether Americans actually <em>are<\/em> tipping more frequently is difficult to say. There\u2019s no official data on how many U.S. businesses rely on tips to compensate their workers or what share of workers are regularly tipped.[1. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act defines a <a href=\"https:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section203&amp;num=0&amp;edition=prelim\">\u201ctipped employee\u201d<\/a> as \u201cany employee engaged in an occupation in which he customarily and regularly receives more than $30 a month in tips.\u201d]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is, however, a widely reported perception that <a href=\"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2023\/01\/23\/customers-tipping-more-mixed-feelings-restaurants\/\">more businesses are at least offering customers the opportunity to tip workers<\/a>. The adoption of point-of-sale tablets, apps and digital kiosks has made it easier for businesses to provide customers with tip prompts and suggestions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Related:&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/28\/do-you-tip-more-or-less-often-than-the-average-american\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Do You Tip More or Less Than the Average American?<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The public is more negative than positive about such automated tip suggestions, whether listed on a bill or shown on a screen when checking out. Four-in-ten U.S. adults strongly or somewhat oppose suggested tips, while 24% strongly or somewhat favor them and 32% neither oppose nor favor them. Attitudes differ somewhat by age and gender:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Older Americans tend to feel most negatively about tip suggestions. <\/strong>Nearly half of people ages 65 and older (47%) strongly or somewhat oppose them. Adults under 30 are more split in their views: Roughly equal shares say they favor tip suggestions (31%), oppose them (33%), or neither favor nor oppose them (32%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Men are more likely than women to oppose suggested tip amounts:<\/strong> 44% of men strongly or somewhat oppose them, compared with 37% of women.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-31445\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping\/sr_23-11-09_tipping-culture_02_02-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e9eae9\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e9eae9;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_02.png?resize=480,377 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_02.png?resize=782,613 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_02.png?resize=960,753 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_02.png?resize=1200,941 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_02.png?resize=1280,1004 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"502\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_02.png?w=640\" alt=\"Opposing bar chart showing that 40% of Americans oppose businesses giving their customers suggestions about how much to tip, while 24% favor this. Older Americans and men tend to feel more negatively about tip suggestions.\" class=\"wp-image-31445 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Feelings are much more negative when it comes to businesses \u2013 mostly restaurants \u2013 adding fixed-rate service charges to customers\u2019 bills. Overall, 72% of U.S. adults strongly or somewhat oppose businesses including an automatic service charge or tip on the bill, while only 10% strongly or somewhat favor this. Another 13% neither oppose nor favor it.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"what-service-charges-are-and-arent\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;what-service-charges-are-and-arent&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>What service charges are and aren\u2019t<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Restaurants have imposed automatic service charges for years, but they typically did so only on larger parties. In recent years, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, more restaurants have begun imposing such charges \u2013 which now <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/05\/15\/dining\/restaurant-service-charges.html\">can sometimes exceed 20% of the check<\/a> \u2013 on all customers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/23426907\/restaurant-service-fee-charge-tipping-inflation-confusion\">Several reasons have been cited for the proliferating fees<\/a>, including the desire to boost revenue without raising menu prices; slimmer profit margins due to higher costs for ingredients and supplies; and the need to pay higher wages \u2013 sometimes because of <a href=\"https:\/\/dcist.com\/story\/23\/01\/17\/dc-council-votes-to-delay-initiative-82-increase-to-may\/\">laws raising the local minimum wage<\/a>, sometimes just to attract enough workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But service charges are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irs.gov\/newsroom\/tips-versus-service-charges-how-to-report\">distinct from tips<\/a>, and not just because they\u2019re mandatory. Since service charge revenue goes directly to the restaurant, in most cases <a href=\"https:\/\/money.howstuffworks.com\/restaurant-service-charge-vs-tip.htm\">the owners can use the money however they see fit<\/a>. Despite the name, there\u2019s generally no requirement that any of the money be distributed to workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tips, on the other hand, are voluntary on the part of customers, who can determine whether and how much to give. Whether shared or not, tips must stay with the employees. By law, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/whd\/fact-sheets\/15-tipped-employees-flsa\">owners or managers cannot keep any tips<\/a>. This is why some restaurants that impose service charges also include a tip option on the bill.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across demographic groups, majorities of Americans say they oppose automatic service charges or tips on customers\u2019 bills. But there are again some differences by age and income:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Older adults are more likely than younger Americans to oppose automatic service charges or tips. <\/strong>About eight-in-ten (79%) of those ages 65 and older oppose such charges, compared with six-in-ten adults under 30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>People with lower incomes are somewhat less likely than those with higher incomes to oppose automatic service charges or tips.<\/strong> Still, 66% of lower-income adults oppose such charges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-31452\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping\/sr_23-11-09_tipping-culture_02_03-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e9ebec\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e9ebec;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_03.png?resize=480,404 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_03.png?resize=782,657 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_03.png?resize=960,807 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_03.png?resize=1200,1009 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_03.png?resize=1280,1076 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"538\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_02_03.png?w=640\" alt=\"Opposing bar chart showing that 72% of Americans oppose businesses including an automatic service charge or tip on the bill, regardless of party size. Across demographic groups, no more than 16% favor this.\" class=\"wp-image-31452 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic, subsequent labor shortages and supply chain problems, a burst of inflation and new payment technologies have upended large swaths of the service economy \u2013 including the tipped sectors. And a large majority of Americans have perceived a shift in the nation\u2019s tipping culture in recent years. Overall, 72% of U.S. adults say [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":658,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_api_pending":"","apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_hidden":false,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[234,248,238,371,237],"tags":[],"bylines":[842,591],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-24206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-business-workplace","category-gig-sharing-economies-2","category-income-wages","category-lifestyle","category-personal-finances","bylines-drew-desilver","bylines-jordan-lippert","formats-report","regions-countries-united-states"],"label":false,"post_parent":24190,"word_count":697,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":31401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"Grace Cary via Getty Images.","chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":31401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"Grace Cary via Getty Images.","chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":31401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"caption":"Grace Cary via Getty Images.","chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":31401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"Grace Cary via Getty Images.","chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":31401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"caption":"Grace Cary via Getty Images.","chartArt":false},"social":{"id":31401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_feature-jpg.webp?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"caption":"Grace Cary via Getty Images.","chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":24190,"title":"Tipping Culture in America: Public Sees a Changed Landscape","slug":"tipping-culture-in-america-public-sees-a-changed-landscape","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-in-america-public-sees-a-changed-landscape\/","is_active":false},{"id":24168,"title":"1. How Americans feel about the basics of tipping","slug":"how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping\/","is_active":false},{"id":24206,"title":"2. How Americans see recent developments in tipping","slug":"how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping\/","is_active":true},{"id":24180,"title":"3. Services Americans do and don\u2019t tip for \u2013 and how much","slug":"services-americans-do-and-dont-tip-for-and-how-much","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/services-americans-do-and-dont-tip-for-and-how-much\/","is_active":false},{"id":24225,"title":"4. Factors affecting whether and how much Americans tip","slug":"factors-affecting-whether-and-how-much-americans-tip","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/factors-affecting-whether-and-how-much-americans-tip\/","is_active":false},{"id":24216,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"tipping-culture-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false},{"id":24232,"title":"Methodology","slug":"tipping-culture-methodology","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-methodology\/","is_active":false},{"id":24240,"title":"Appendix: Detailed tables","slug":"tipping-culture-appendix-detailed-tables","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-appendix-detailed-tables\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"_e781wlrwe","type":"topline","attachmentId":444358,"url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_topline.pdf"},{"key":"_tat9lu9ub","type":"report","attachmentId":444359,"url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/SR_23.11.09_tipping-culture_report.pdf"}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":24206,"title":"2. How Americans see recent developments in tipping","slug":"how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping\/","is_active":true,"page_num":3},"next_post":{"id":24180,"title":"3. Services Americans do and don\u2019t tip for \u2013 and how much","slug":"services-americans-do-and-dont-tip-for-and-how-much","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/services-americans-do-and-dont-tip-for-and-how-much\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},"previous_post":{"id":24168,"title":"1. How Americans feel about the basics of tipping","slug":"how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},"pagination_items":[{"id":24190,"title":"Tipping Culture in America: Public Sees a Changed Landscape","slug":"tipping-culture-in-america-public-sees-a-changed-landscape","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-in-america-public-sees-a-changed-landscape\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":24168,"title":"1. How Americans feel about the basics of tipping","slug":"how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-feel-about-the-basics-of-tipping\/","is_active":false,"page_num":2},{"id":24206,"title":"2. How Americans see recent developments in tipping","slug":"how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/how-americans-see-recent-developments-in-tipping\/","is_active":true,"page_num":3},{"id":24180,"title":"3. Services Americans do and don\u2019t tip for \u2013 and how much","slug":"services-americans-do-and-dont-tip-for-and-how-much","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/services-americans-do-and-dont-tip-for-and-how-much\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":24225,"title":"4. Factors affecting whether and how much Americans tip","slug":"factors-affecting-whether-and-how-much-americans-tip","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/factors-affecting-whether-and-how-much-americans-tip\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":24216,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"tipping-culture-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},{"id":24232,"title":"Methodology","slug":"tipping-culture-methodology","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-methodology\/","is_active":false,"page_num":7},{"id":24240,"title":"Appendix: Detailed tables","slug":"tipping-culture-appendix-detailed-tables","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2023\/11\/09\/tipping-culture-appendix-detailed-tables\/","is_active":false,"page_num":8}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"Tipping Culture in America: Public Sees a Changed Landscape","parent_id":24190},"materialsOrdered":[],"chaptersOrdered":[],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"How Americans see recent changes in tipping for service","description":"The COVID-19 pandemic, subsequent labor shortages and supply chain problems, a burst of inflation and new payment technologies have upended large swaths of the service economy \u2013 including the tipped&hellip;","og_title":"2. 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