{"id":27747,"date":"2024-03-13T09:51:25","date_gmt":"2024-03-13T14:51:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2024\/03\/13\/politicians-changing-leadership-and-political-parties\/"},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:58:50","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:58:50","slug":"politicians-changing-leadership-and-political-parties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/politicians-changing-leadership-and-political-parties\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Politicians, changing leadership and political parties"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In the vast majority of the 24 countries surveyed, politicians<\/strong> are the most common subject of proposals to improve democracy. Some call for different types of people to enter the political arena, while others simply want their current politicians to perform better. Many want their leaders to pay closer attention to and respond more appropriately to constituents\u2019 needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cThe members of the legislature are stupid, so I want them to improve.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nWoman, 20, Japan<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

While not top of mind in most places, people sometimes argue for a total change in leadership<\/strong>. This includes removing incumbent heads of state and instating a preferred politician. In Poland, where the survey took place before the October election which removed the then-ruling Law and Justice party (PiS)<\/a>, this was the top<\/em> change people thought would improve democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Respondents also look beyond the people in politics to focus on political parties<\/strong>. This issue is particularly salient in the Netherlands, where parties are the second-most mentioned topic, though they rank in the top five in South Korea, Spain, Sweden and the U.S. Many requests center on changing the number of political parties \u2013 some want more and some want fewer. Others want to see a change in how parties interact, with calls for less fighting and more cooperation. A number of these responses specifically address the behavior or strength of the opposition party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politicians<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"A<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In nearly all countries surveyed, politicians rank first among the 17 topics coded. In countries where politicians are not the top issue, they still rank in the top five.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suggestions for improving democracy by way of politicians come in many forms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some would like to see different people in politics, or more representation<\/strong>. Others focus on the qualities of politicians, such as honesty or empathy, but also their skillset and general competence<\/strong>. Still others ask that politicians change their behavior, both when working with each other and when working with constituents, emphasizing responsiveness<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Representation: Changing who is in politics<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

\u201cIf politicians were ordinary people who were on public transport, who used the means and the laws that they later apply.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nWoman, 41, Spain<\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

One group of suggestions involves changing the types of people involved in politics<\/strong>. For some, politicians are too dissimilar from their constituents, and \u201cordinary citizens should be able to enter\u201d the government instead. As one Australian woman explained: \u201cIf ordinary people were elected to Parliament instead of big, official people, our country would probably be a better place to live. Ordinary people know how hard it is to get jobs, live below the poverty line and raise families on the low sums that the Australian government allows Centrelink to pay out each fortnight.\u201d Another man in Nigeria put it more plainly: \u201cThey should give somebody like me a chance of ruling in Nigeria.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cWealthy people in government are not helpful in democracy because they don’t understand what it\u2019s like to work in unionized jobs and not be able to afford necessities.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nWoman, 41, UK<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Some people focus specifically on the wealth of political leaders<\/strong>, calling for \u201cfewer rich wealthy people\u201d in the government. In Nigeria, one woman said, \u201cThey should allow the poor people to rule.\u201d A man in Argentina said there should be \u201cmore poor people who can reach important positions.\u201d And one Canadian man suggested \u201chaving more people from the upper-middle class, or people who have to work and earn their income, know what it\u2019s like to pay taxes, and understand how difficult it is to survive in our world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Others say that \u201cyouth should take part in politics.\u201d Younger politicians<\/strong> are viewed as a conduit for change and new ideas while \u201cold ones don\u2019t care anymore.\u201d As one woman in South Africa pointed out, the \u201cyouth are the ones who are in line with the community issues.\u201d Many respondents think younger people should be more involved in politics for their own sake: \u201cYoung people must create their own future.\u201d A 30-year-old Argentine man said, \u201cLet the young people get involved in politics, as they are the future and will change the country.\u201d And respondents sometimes emphasize that younger people need to be prepared before entering politics, as one man in India said: \u201cYouth should take part in politics, and training the leaders is the solution.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cWe want young blood or women to take over as our government.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nMan, 34, South Africa<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

More women entering politics<\/strong> is another suggestion for improving the functioning of democracy. One woman in Sweden said, \u201cMore women in power, and then I think we will have a good political system.\u201d A Japanese man echoed this call, saying one way to improve democracy is \u201cto increase women\u2019s participation in politics by making more than half of the members of Parliament women.\u201d And a man in Spain said, \u201cSimply, in this country, if instead of men there were more women in power, the country would do so much better.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Still others call for people of different racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds<\/strong> to be in politics. One man in South Africa asked for \u201ca better balance of races in Parliament,\u201d and a woman in Brazil proposed \u201cracial quotas for politicians.\u201d In the Netherlands, one woman suggested more representation of different \u201ccultures, diaspora groups, origins and backgrounds. Because if you look at photos of the cabinet, you see a whole group of White people, which is not objective when you talk about the different cultures and backgrounds in the Netherlands.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Specific backgrounds come up in some responses. In Australia, one man highlighted how \u201cIndigenous people need to have more say in government,\u201d and a woman in the U.S. shared a similar sentiment, saying, \u201cAs a matter of fact, this is Native land, and us Natives should be in charge, not other races.\u201d An Israeli man proposed \u201cmore Arab Knesset members so they have more influence on decisions.\u201d Kenya sees similar calls for \u201cleaders from all tribes\u201d to be elected, and a man in India requested that members of Parliament \u201cbe from all the castes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Competence: Changing politicians\u2019 qualities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

\u201cPolitical leaders should be improved.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nMan, 61, South Korea<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Many suggest improving the overall quality of politicians<\/strong>. \u201cIf the leader is good, there will be improvement,\u201d explained one man in India. These calls are often straightforward, as in the case of a Mexican woman whose singular request was for \u201cbetter politicians.\u201d Some suggest basic requirements for holding political office, like one man in Japan who said, \u201cWe need politicians who have common sense and can think logically.\u201d This sentiment is shared in Kenya, where one respondent suggested that democracy would be improved if \u201ccompetent leaders\u201d were elected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Politicians need extroversion, knowledge and experience from foreign countries, integrity and a democratic spirit.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nMan, 49, Greece<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

In some cases, respondents set even higher bars for their politicians, specifically asking that they be \u201cknowledgeable people\u201d or \u201cexperts on key policy issues.\u201d<\/strong> One Hungarian woman explained that \u201cexperts would pass responsible laws.\u201d For one woman in Spain, the coronavirus pandemic illustrated the importance of having experts on an issue decide \u201ceverything that has to do with that issue. For example, during COVID, the people who decided were a doctor and an expert.\u201d Others are more reluctant to have experts govern outright and would just like politicians to listen more to experts or have more advisers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

People also want to see changes in the personal character<\/strong> of politicians:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cIt will improve when we get a strong and determined leader who puts the issues and problems of people first.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Man, 36, South Africa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

\u201cMore decisiveness from the politicians. I think it\u2019s weak now; they don\u2019t dare to make decisions and they are like civil servants.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Woman, 66, Netherlands<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u201cAll political people are very bad. All political persons should be honest.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Man, 32, India<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

\u201cTo have trustworthy and honest authorities who can give an account of what they do and where they do their jobs.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Man, 67, Mexico<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u201cI think they need to behave less like children, learn what people want and be less self-interested. And learn how to tell the truth. And not avoid answering questions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Woman, 76, UK<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u201cFor politicians to stop going for a win for their party and egos, and instead to focus more on what\u2019s best \u2013 for the short and long term \u2013 for the country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Man, 65, U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Responsiveness: Changing politicians\u2019 behavior<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Politicians\u2019 conduct is another subject of people\u2019s suggestions. They want politicians to take their responsibilities more seriously and show \u201cmore interest in the work they are asked to do.\u201d In Australia, one woman wanted \u201cfewer \u2018charismatic\u2019 leaders and more serious and committed candidates.\u201d Another Australian thought politicians need to have a greater sense of responsibility <\/strong>because \u201csaying \u2018I don\u2019t know\u2019 or \u2018it isn\u2019t my responsibility\u2019 loses the respect of the electorate.\u201d One man in the U.S. plainly stated that democracy needs \u201cserious elected officials, not crazy ones like you have now in the GOP.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Others are concerned about making sure politicians \u201csay what they mean and do what they say,\u201d especially when it comes to keeping<\/strong> promises made during campaigns<\/strong>. One man in France said politicians must \u201cavoid saying things that will never be done, lying just to get elected.\u201d In Sweden, a respondent asked for \u201cless fishing for votes with false promises.\u201d In several cases, people specifically called for repercussions \u201cif election promises are not carried out.\u201d One man in Australia suggested that politicians \u201cshould be forced to stand down\u201d if they do not \u201chonor their promises.\u201d The sentiment is shared in Japan, where one man said that \u201cthose who have not worked to carry out their campaign promises\u201d should be prevented \u201cfrom running for the next term.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cThe government should listen to the voice of the people, because the voice in the inside is not the voice of the lower level. People\u2019s complaints in the lower level are seldom taken.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nWoman, 39, Indonesia<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

One oft-repeated request is for politicians to listen more closely to their constituents<\/strong>. Many feel that democracy \u201cis not working because politicians have their own agenda and are not listening to anybody.\u201d In the Netherlands, one man explained that \u201cthe ordinary man in the street is not really listened to\u201d and \u201cnot much\u201d comes of what they ask for. People instead call for politicians to \u201cpay attention to what facilities the people are not getting\u201d and understand that they are meant to be \u201cpro-people.\u201d One Kenyan man said democracy would improve \u201cif elected leaders represented people as the people want and represent the problems they are facing.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

People also highlight specific groups in the country that politicians should pay special attention to<\/strong>. In Japan, several said politicians need to \u201chear more women\u2019s opinions\u201d and be more attentive to the needs of young people. In other instances, people want politicians to hear \u201cmore opinions from poor people.\u201d One Israeli respondent emphasized \u201ctaking the opinions of Arabs into consideration,\u201d and a woman in Brazil stressed the need for politicians to better understand \u201cthe homeless people.\u201d Other groups that are highlighted include the elderly, LGBTQ people, religious groups and refugees. (For more on what people said about individual rights and equality, read <\/em><\/em><\/a>Chapter 4<\/a><\/em>.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Still, some think that politicians need to \u201cplace less emphasis on the wants of minority groups.\u201d In Australia, some painted these groups as \u201cnoisy\u201d or \u201cloud\u201d and said politicians should listen to the \u201csilent majority\u201d instead. Other respondents in both Australia and the U.S. even name specific groups they think are receiving undue attention, such as \u201cAboriginal people,\u201d women and \u201cillegal immigrants.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Changing leadership<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"A<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Instead of improving the quality of their politicians, some want to remove the current governing parties or heads of state<\/strong>. This issue appeared in the top five topics cited in Poland, Hungary and South Africa. In most other countries surveyed, though, it does not rank in the top 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In about half the countries surveyed, those who do<\/em> not<\/em> support the governing party or parties are more likely to mention changing their political leadership than those who do<\/em> support these parties. (For more information on how we classify governing party supporters, refer to <\/em>Appendix D<\/em><\/a>.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Hungary, for example, where changing leadership is the third-most mentioned suggestion for improving democracy, 12% of those who do not<\/em> support Viktor Orb\u00e1n\u2019s governing coalition of Fidesz and the Christian Democratic People\u2019s Party (KNDP) mention changing leadership, compared with 1% of those who do<\/em> support these parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calls to put someone else in power, particularly in Poland<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Across the 24 countries surveyed, Poles particularly stand out for the emphasis they placed on changing leadership \u2013 Poland is the only country where the issue ranked first. The survey was conducted in spring 2023, prior to the October 2023 parliamentary elections that ousted the governing right-wing Law and Justice party (PiS)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cAs long as PiS is in power, there will be no democracy in Poland.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nMan, 24, Poland<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Polish responses about how to improve their democracy centered squarely on changing the governing party: \u201cRemoving PiS from power,\u201d said one Polish man. \u201cPiS should lose the election,\u201d echoed a Polish woman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poles who do not<\/em> support PiS are more likely to mention changing leadership than those who do <\/em>support PiS (17% vs. 4%, respectively, though PiS supporters were overall less likely to provide a response). Younger Polish adults are also more likely to mention changing leadership than those ages 40 and older. Indeed, in the October election, turnout among the youth was unusually high<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Poles focused on removing the particular party in power, people in other countries sometimes emphasize the need to put different people or parties into office<\/strong>. \u201cThe government should be changed. The Congress Party government should come to power,\u201d said one man in India. \u201cRaila Odinga should be granted leadership,\u201d said a woman in Kenya, naming the leader of the opposition. And a South African man suggested that \u201cthe African National Congress give other parties a chance to govern the country, and Cyril Ramaphosa step down as a president.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cA change of government at the next election would improve democracy. The Conservatives have been in power for too long.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nWoman, 53, UK<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

In other countries, too, calls to change leadership prioritize removing<\/em> someone currently in power as opposed to installing<\/em> someone else. Some respondents name the current head of state as who they would like to see out<\/em> of office. One Brazilian man said, for example, \u201cGet President Lula and his gang out of power.\u201d Or, as one woman in Canada put it: \u201cIf we could get Justin Trudeau out of leadership, then I would be happier with democracy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rebuilding leadership from the ground up<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

\u201cThe legislature has a lot of problems \u2013 it needs to be improved, starting with a new election of lawmakers.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nMan, 65, South Korea<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Some requests to change leadership are not specific to a person or party, but rather focus on bringing in a fresh slate of politicians<\/strong>. \u201cFire everyone and start fresh,\u201d said one woman in the U.S. An Argentine woman echoed this view: \u201cTake out the current politicians, reform and formulate new laws, and start from scratch.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Several of these calls to rebuild target the legislature. A man in Greece said, \u201call 300 members should leave the Parliament. The structure of the Parliament should change radically.\u201d A woman in Spain suggested, \u201cI would carry out a purge in the useless Senate.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cThe established order must be replaced: a new generation with more women and people from the business world. There are too many people who have only been in politics. That is an unhealthy situation.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nWoman, 53, Netherlands<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

A few focus less on a specific leader, party or institution and more generally on the need for change. One Italian man said, \u201cIn order to improve democracy in this country, it would take a coup d\u2019etat. We need to reset all privileges and start over in full respect of people.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Political parties<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"A<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

People sometimes target political parties when making suggestions for improving democracy. The issue is particularly salient in the Netherlands, where parties are the second-most mentioned topic. Parties are a top-five issue in Spain, Sweden, South Korea and the U.S. In most other countries surveyed, parties rank in the top 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some proposed changes relate to the number of political parties. Other suggestions are related to how parties act, both on their own and with other parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cGet rid of all the political parties, we need a redo.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nWoman, 39, Canada<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

More political parties<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Some want to see more political parties, as with a respondent in Kenya who wanted \u201cthe use of a multiparty system\u201d and one in Greece who thought \u201cmore political parties in the Parliament\u201d would improve democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some express a simple desire for more options to choose from<\/strong>. For example, a man in Canada found \u201cvery little difference between the NDP (New Democratic Party) and Liberal\u201d now that the Liberal Party, which \u201cused to be centralist,\u201d has \u201cmoved to the left.\u201d In South Korea, also dominated by two parties, a man said having \u201cat least three parties to contest the elections\u201d would help improve the country\u2019s democracy. Similarly, one woman in the U.S. wanted \u201cmore parties, more points of view.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cThat no large coalitions exist and we therefore have more than three parties.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nWoman, 57, Germany<\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

In other cases, people see the existing parties as too polarized and want additional parties to represent centrists<\/strong>. A man in the U.S. said, \u201cThere truly needs to be a relevant third party that would represent the middle-of-the-road ideology between Republicans and Democrats.\u201d This sentiment is echoed in Australia, where one woman thought democracy \u201cworks well, but it\u2019s the party room that buggers it up.\u201d This would be fixed if the \u201cextreme wings\u201d of parties became \u201cparties of their own as most people vote for a moderate view,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some see the creation of more parties as an opportunity to introduce new ideas<\/strong>. A British man said democracy would improve \u201cif some new parties came to the United Kingdom with some fresh blood and fresh ideas, instead of the same people. The old parties are not so interested in the people living in the UK. They only care about their own pockets and their own ideas.\u201d Suggestions for new parties sometimes focus on the inclusion of young people as a way to bring about different ideas. One Greek woman emphasized that \u201cpolitical parties should be created by young people with new ideas.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fewer political parties<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Some suggest reducing the number of political parties would create more simplicity<\/strong>. In Nigeria, one man said that \u201cwith too many parties, things will go wrong.\u201d A Canadian man held a similar view, saying, \u201cthe number of parties should be limited to three: left, center and right. I believe it would lead to less chaos.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Mexico, some highlight the monetary<\/strong> cost of having a large number of parties<\/strong>: \u201cThere should be fewer parties so that the payroll is less expensive,\u201d said one Mexican woman. Another man thought there should only be two political parties because the current number of parties results in \u201ca lot of money spent.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cFewer parties. No party has a clear policy. It\u2019s just a moderate Swedish soup. And if someone tries to stand out, they never succeed.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nWoman, 52, Sweden<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

People in the Netherlands, where political parties are the second-most mentioned issue, also note how \u201cdemocracy is being muddled by smaller parties.\u201d One woman explained: \u201cI think it is too fragmented, therefore more difficult to form coalitions, and therefore more difficult to govern.\u201d Another woman called for \u201cfewer political parties. Otherwise you will become entirely ungovernable because many compromises have to be made. Too many parties leads to uncertainty among voters.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no clear consensus on the ideal number of political parties to have in a country<\/strong>. For example, in the Netherlands, one man suggested that there \u201cbe seven to eight parties at most\u201d while another suggested \u201ca three-party system.\u201d Still others want no parties at all, as in the case of a man in Japan: \u201cDissolution of all political parties. We will create a system in which even members of Parliament are not bound by political parties and are involved in politics based on their individual ideas.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cBy creating a two-party system like America\u2019s. Then they can better keep the promises made.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nMan, 40, Netherlands<\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Although some Americans would like to see more parties or a multiparty system, people in other countries sometimes point to the two-party system in the U.S. as ideal<\/strong>. An Italian man said, \u201cWe should have a democratic system like the American one: a presidential system, two parties that you can identify with. In Italy, there are too many parties. In America everything is perfect, but in Italy it is not possible.\u201d A Japanese man suggested that \u201cit would be better to have two major political parties like America. Now, there are various small political parties, and they are not united.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Less conflict between parties<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

\u201cStop the constant opposition policies, like when a party is in favor of one thing, the rival party has to be against it.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nMan, 19, Spain<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Many think democracy would improve if political parties stopped fighting with each other<\/strong>. A French man explained that parties \u201cspend their time fighting among themselves. It is not favorable for the French. They discuss and don\u2019t make any real progress on the subjects.\u201d In neighboring Italy, one man similarly took issue with \u201cparty squabbling,\u201d and in Spain, a respondent wanted a \u201cdecrease in aggressiveness and hostility between parties.\u201d This sentiment is echoed across other countries, including South Africa, where a man asked that \u201cparties stop degrading each other.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cIf the Republicans and Democrats would just work together this would be the greatest country in the world.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nMan, 58, U.S<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

People give various reasons for their concern about interparty conflict. Some point out how friction between parties creates gridlock<\/strong>: With \u201ctwo parties fighting and voting along party lines, we never get anything done,\u201d said a man in the U.S. A Canadian man shared a similar idea, saying, \u201cIf parties stop bickering, we might advance further.\u201d Others are concerned because \u201cdemocracy requires mutual efforts while competing,\u201d according to a South Korean man, and because \u201cparties that don\u2019t want to cooperate with others are not democratic,\u201d according to a Dutch man. A Dutch woman succinctly said, \u201cIf political parties do not want to work together, a democracy is useless.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More cooperation between parties<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

\u201cGet together more, talk more, diversity of opinions. That the parties leave personal benefits aside and agree, more like the Argentine team.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nMan, 31, Argentina<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Parties are also called upon to work together<\/strong>. As a woman in the U.S. said: \u201cI would like to see both parties work together and not see each other as wrong. Compromise is the name of the game!\u201d This is echoed in South Korea, where one man said that \u201ccompromise is necessary.\u201d One South African respondent noted that working together would allow all parties to focus on \u201creaching one goal and keeping our country peaceful with stability.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For others, improved communication between parties<\/strong> is the key for greater harmony. An Argentine woman explained that democracy would work better if \u201cthe different parties have a dialogue.\u201d And an Israeli respondent similarly asked for \u201cmore dialogue and goodwill to bridge the gaps between the various parties.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Changes to the opposition party<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Some specifically request that opposition parties offer less resistance<\/strong>. A respondent in Kenya, for example, asked the opposition to \u201ccalm down a little.\u201d In Hungary, some go even further to suggest that the opposition be \u201cdone away with\u201d or \u201cstay silent.\u201d A man in South Africa explained that democracy may be better off without any<\/em> opposition parties because \u201cno one will ever oppose the decisions, which creates stability in the country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

\u201cLess hyperbole from the Liberal-National Coalition. We need a viable opposition instead of the half-witted reactionaries that the Coalition keeps serving up.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nMan, 50, Australia<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Other suggestions for opposition parties are more targeted. In Australia, people want opposition parties \u201cto stop opposing things just to score political points\u201d or to stop \u201cvoting against a good bill just because they are in opposition.\u201d A Spanish man also spoke out against disagreement for the sake of it: \u201cDon\u2019t assume that the opposition must always say the opposite of what the ruling party says.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Still, in some countries, the emphasis is reversed, and people want a stronger opposition<\/strong> that \u201cwill keep the government in check.\u201d As one man in the UK explained: \u201cI think we need an opposition that genuinely disagrees with the government. There has got to be debate. We have a Parliament and it\u2019s not being used properly.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the vast majority of the 24 countries surveyed, politicians are the most common subject of proposals to improve democracy. Some call for different types of people to enter the political arena, while others simply want their current politicians to perform better. Many want their leaders to pay closer attention to and respond more appropriately […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":648,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"apple_news_api_id":"","apple_news_api_revision":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"","apple_news_api_modified_at":"","apple_news_api_share_url":"","apple_news_api_pending":"","apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_hidden":false,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[60,51,395],"tags":[],"bylines":[738,633,954,849],"collection":[],"datasets":[2393],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[504,498,514,497,509,505,512,511,515],"research-teams":[525],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-27747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-democracy","category-election-system-voting-process","category-international-political-values","bylines-christine-huang","bylines-laura-clancy","bylines-laura-silver","bylines-moira-fagan","datasets-spring-2023-survey-data","formats-report","regions-countries-germany","regions-countries-india","regions-countries-international","regions-countries-israel","regions-countries-mexico","regions-countries-multiple-regions-worldwide","regions-countries-north-america","regions-countries-sub-saharan-africa","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-global"],"label":false,"post_parent":27793,"word_count":4091,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/politicians-changing-leadership-and-political-parties\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":34525,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/03\/PG_24.03.13_DemocracyOpenEnds_Feature.png","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/03\/PG_24.03.13_DemocracyOpenEnds_Feature.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"Flags representing various political parties wave along a street in Jakarta, Indonesia, on Jan. 23, 2024, a few weeks ahead of a massive general election. Candidates from 18 national parties participated. (Azwar Ipank\/Anadolu via Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":34525,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/03\/PG_24.03.13_DemocracyOpenEnds_Feature.png","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/03\/PG_24.03.13_DemocracyOpenEnds_Feature.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"Flags representing various political parties wave along a street in Jakarta, Indonesia, on Jan. 23, 2024, a few weeks ahead of a massive general election. Candidates from 18 national parties participated. (Azwar Ipank\/Anadolu via Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":34525,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/03\/PG_24.03.13_DemocracyOpenEnds_Feature.png","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/03\/PG_24.03.13_DemocracyOpenEnds_Feature.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"caption":"Flags representing various political parties wave along a street in Jakarta, Indonesia, on Jan. 23, 2024, a few weeks ahead of a massive general election. Candidates from 18 national parties participated. (Azwar Ipank\/Anadolu via Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":34525,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/03\/PG_24.03.13_DemocracyOpenEnds_Feature.png","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/03\/PG_24.03.13_DemocracyOpenEnds_Feature.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"Flags representing various political parties wave along a street in Jakarta, Indonesia, on Jan. 23, 2024, a few weeks ahead of a massive general election. Candidates from 18 national parties participated. (Azwar Ipank\/Anadolu via Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":34525,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/03\/PG_24.03.13_DemocracyOpenEnds_Feature.png","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/03\/PG_24.03.13_DemocracyOpenEnds_Feature.png?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"caption":"Flags representing various political parties wave along a street in Jakarta, Indonesia, on Jan. 23, 2024, a few weeks ahead of a massive general election. Candidates from 18 national parties participated. (Azwar Ipank\/Anadolu via Getty Images)","chartArt":false},"social":{"id":34525,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/03\/PG_24.03.13_DemocracyOpenEnds_Feature.png","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/03\/PG_24.03.13_DemocracyOpenEnds_Feature.png?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"caption":"Flags representing various political parties wave along a street in Jakarta, Indonesia, on Jan. 23, 2024, a few weeks ahead of a massive general election. Candidates from 18 national parties participated. (Azwar Ipank\/Anadolu via Getty Images)","chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":27793,"title":"What Can Improve Democracy?","slug":"what-can-improve-democracy","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/what-can-improve-democracy\/","is_active":false},{"id":27747,"title":"1. Politicians, changing leadership and political parties","slug":"politicians-changing-leadership-and-political-parties","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/politicians-changing-leadership-and-political-parties\/","is_active":true},{"id":27766,"title":"2. Government reform, special interests and the media","slug":"government-reform-special-interests-and-the-media","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/government-reform-special-interests-and-the-media\/","is_active":false},{"id":27753,"title":"3. Economic and policy changes","slug":"economic-and-policy-changes","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/economic-and-policy-changes\/","is_active":false},{"id":27811,"title":"4. Citizen behavior and individual rights and equality","slug":"citizen-behavior-and-individual-rights-and-equality","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/citizen-behavior-and-individual-rights-and-equality\/","is_active":false},{"id":27775,"title":"5. Electoral reform and direct democracy","slug":"electoral-reform-and-direct-democracy","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/electoral-reform-and-direct-democracy\/","is_active":false},{"id":27824,"title":"6. Rule of law, safety and the judicial system","slug":"rule-of-law-safety-and-the-judicial-system","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/rule-of-law-safety-and-the-judicial-system\/","is_active":false},{"id":27759,"title":"Appendix A: Coding methodology","slug":"appendix-a-coding-methodology-democracy","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/appendix-a-coding-methodology-democracy\/","is_active":false},{"id":27805,"title":"Appendix B: Survey methodology","slug":"appendix-b-survey-methodology","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/appendix-b-survey-methodology\/","is_active":false},{"id":27783,"title":"Appendix C: Codebook","slug":"appendix-c-codebook-democracy","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/appendix-c-codebook-democracy\/","is_active":false},{"id":27837,"title":"Appendix D: Political categorization","slug":"appendix-d-political-categorization","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/appendix-d-political-categorization\/","is_active":false},{"id":27831,"title":"Appendix E: Classifying European political parties","slug":"appendix-e-classifying-european-political-parties","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/appendix-e-classifying-european-political-parties\/","is_active":false},{"id":27818,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"acknowledgments-democracy-2024","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/acknowledgments-democracy-2024\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"_wwmjxe29h","type":"topline","attachmentId":53853,"url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/03\/2024.03.13_democracy-open-end_topline.pdf","label":"","icon":""},{"key":"_4l44i87ln","type":"report","attachmentId":53881,"url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/03\/2024.03.13_democracy-open-end_report.pdf","label":"","icon":""},{"type":"dataset","id":2420,"label":"American Trends Panel Wave 124","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/dataset\/american-trends-panel-wave-124\/"},{"type":"dataset","id":2393,"label":"Spring 2023 Survey Data","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/dataset\/spring-2023-survey-data\/"}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":27747,"title":"1. Politicians, changing leadership and political parties","slug":"politicians-changing-leadership-and-political-parties","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/politicians-changing-leadership-and-political-parties\/","is_active":true,"page_num":2},"next_post":{"id":27766,"title":"2. Government reform, special interests and the media","slug":"government-reform-special-interests-and-the-media","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/government-reform-special-interests-and-the-media\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},"previous_post":{"id":27793,"title":"What Can Improve Democracy?","slug":"what-can-improve-democracy","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/what-can-improve-democracy\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},"pagination_items":[{"id":27793,"title":"What Can Improve Democracy?","slug":"what-can-improve-democracy","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/what-can-improve-democracy\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":27747,"title":"1. Politicians, changing leadership and political parties","slug":"politicians-changing-leadership-and-political-parties","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/politicians-changing-leadership-and-political-parties\/","is_active":true,"page_num":2},{"id":27766,"title":"2. Government reform, special interests and the media","slug":"government-reform-special-interests-and-the-media","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/government-reform-special-interests-and-the-media\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":27753,"title":"3. Economic and policy changes","slug":"economic-and-policy-changes","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/economic-and-policy-changes\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":27811,"title":"4. Citizen behavior and individual rights and equality","slug":"citizen-behavior-and-individual-rights-and-equality","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/citizen-behavior-and-individual-rights-and-equality\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":27775,"title":"5. Electoral reform and direct democracy","slug":"electoral-reform-and-direct-democracy","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/electoral-reform-and-direct-democracy\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},{"id":27824,"title":"6. Rule of law, safety and the judicial system","slug":"rule-of-law-safety-and-the-judicial-system","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/rule-of-law-safety-and-the-judicial-system\/","is_active":false,"page_num":7},{"id":27759,"title":"Appendix A: Coding methodology","slug":"appendix-a-coding-methodology-democracy","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/appendix-a-coding-methodology-democracy\/","is_active":false,"page_num":8},{"id":27805,"title":"Appendix B: Survey methodology","slug":"appendix-b-survey-methodology","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/appendix-b-survey-methodology\/","is_active":false,"page_num":9},{"id":27783,"title":"Appendix C: Codebook","slug":"appendix-c-codebook-democracy","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/appendix-c-codebook-democracy\/","is_active":false,"page_num":10},{"id":27837,"title":"Appendix D: Political categorization","slug":"appendix-d-political-categorization","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/appendix-d-political-categorization\/","is_active":false,"page_num":11},{"id":27831,"title":"Appendix E: Classifying European political parties","slug":"appendix-e-classifying-european-political-parties","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/appendix-e-classifying-european-political-parties\/","is_active":false,"page_num":12},{"id":27818,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"acknowledgments-democracy-2024","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/03\/13\/acknowledgments-democracy-2024\/","is_active":false,"page_num":13}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"What Can Improve Democracy?","parent_id":27793},"materialsOrdered":[],"chaptersOrdered":[],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"Views of politicians, parties and changing leadership in 24 countries","description":"In most countries, different or better politicians are a top suggestion for improving democracy. Others want to change their leaders or parties.","og_title":"1. Politicians, changing leadership and political parties","og_description":"In most countries, different or better politicians is a top suggestion for improving democracy. Others want to change their leaders or parties.","schema_type":"Article","noindex":false,"canonical_url":"","primary_terms":{"category":395,"formats":458,"regions-countries":515,"research-teams":525},"custom_schema":[],"twitter_description":"In most countries, different or better politicians is a top suggestion for improving democracy. Others want to change their leaders or parties.","og_image":34525,"indexnow_submitted_at":null,"gsc_index_status":null},"prepublish_checks":{"prc-image-alt-text":{"status":"complete","message":"All images have alt text.","data":null},"prc-about-this-research":{"status":"incomplete","message":"Add an \"About this research\" details block.","data":null},"prc-paragraph-count":{"status":"complete","message":"Found 80 paragraphs.","data":{"count":80}},"prc-internal-link":{"status":"complete","message":"Found 6 internal links.","data":{"count":6}}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"relatedPostsOrdered":[],"bylinesOrdered":[],"acknowledgementsOrdered":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27747","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/648"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27747"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27747\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":303791,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27747\/revisions\/303791"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27747"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"bylines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bylines?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"collection","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/collection?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"datasets","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/datasets?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"level_of_effort","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/level_of_effort?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"primary_audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/primary_audience?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"information_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/information_type?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"_post_visibility","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_post_visibility?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"formats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/formats?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"_fund_pool","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_fund_pool?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/languages?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"regions-countries","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regions-countries?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"research-teams","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-teams?post=27747"},{"taxonomy":"workflow-status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/workflow-status?post=27747"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}