{"id":27918,"date":"2023-03-08T09:04:26","date_gmt":"2023-03-08T14:04:26","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2026-07-09T14:54:47","modified_gmt":"2026-07-09T18:54:47","slug":"how-young-adults-want-their-country-to-engage-with-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/03\/08\/how-young-adults-want-their-country-to-engage-with-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"How Young Adults Want Their Country To Engage With the World"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull fixed is-style-disable-mobile-collapse has-ui-text-color-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5d96db9ad4253950e06c28aaa1dd5cd6\" style=\"min-height:100vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-52005\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_photo-1.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\"\/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure id=\"graphic-insert-1\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure id=\"graphic-insert-2\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure id=\"graphic-insert-3\"><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-fluid scrolly is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f9faaab3 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-640-wide scene-1 has-background has-medium-font-size has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-35a1a11a wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#ffffffde\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-640-wide is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-92194da3 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center serif has-gray-darkest-color has-text-color\" id=\"how-global-public-opinion-of-china-has-shifted-in-the-xi-era\" style=\"font-size:clamp(28.836px, 1.802rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 2.405), 50px);font-style:normal;font-weight:600;line-height:1.1\">How Young Adults Want Their Country To Engage With the World<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e6442b32 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2c90304e wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><h2 id=\"focus-group-findings-from-france-germany-the-uk-and-the-u-s\" class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-sub-title\">Focus group findings from France, Germany, the UK and the U.S.<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-bylines-display-is-layout-cbcdc57d wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display-is-layout-flex\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display__bylines\"><span class=\"wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display__prefix\">By<\/span> <a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/laura-silver\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Laura Silver\">Laura Silver<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/moira-fagan\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Moira Fagan\">Moira Fagan<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/jordan-lippert\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Jordan Lippert\">Jordan Lippert<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/shannon-greenwood\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Shannon Greenwood\">Shannon Greenwood<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/chris-baronavski\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Chris Baronavski\">Chris Baronavski<\/a> <span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__and-separator\">and<\/span> <a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/michael-keegan\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Michael Keegan\">Michael Keegan<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"font-size:14px;letter-spacing:0px\" class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-post-date has-text-color has-text-color-color\"><time datetime=\"2023-03-08T09:04:26-05:00\">March 8, 2023<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"scene-1 has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Decades of cross-national surveys have found that younger people tend to be more internationally oriented than older adults. They usually have more positive views of <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/09\/16\/international-views-of-the-un-are-mostly-positive\/\">international organizations<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2022\/06\/29\/across-19-countries-more-people-see-the-u-s-than-china-favorably-but-more-see-chinas-influence-growing\/\">foreign countries<\/a> and are more likely to <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/09\/21\/international-cooperation-welcomed-across-14-advanced-economies\/\">prioritize international cooperation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"scene-2 has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">But young people differ from one another over <em>how<\/em> they want their country to engage with the world. Some feel their country has an obligation to people beyond their borders. Others doubt their country has the resources to pursue international actions. To better understand these perspectives, we conducted 16 focus groups with young adults in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"scene-3 has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">In each country, there were four focus groups, organized around their participants\u2019 ideologies and views on foreign engagement. Despite different histories and current political climates, four distinct attitudes about how best to engage with the world were consistent cross-nationally:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"scene-4 wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"scene-5 has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>left-leaning, internationally engaged <\/strong>groups emphasize the moral duty to be involved overseas. Still, there is a great deal of doubt about whether they can trust their government to get involved for the right reasons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"scene-6 has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>left-leaning, domestically focused <\/strong>groups also feel a moral obligation to help overseas. But skepticism about their government and a widespread sense that their own country needs dramatic changes leads them to prioritize \u201cgetting their own house in order.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"scene-7 has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>right-leaning, domestically focused <\/strong>groups see their country in a state of economic distress. They feel that their country\u2019s resources are limited and that it is more important to focus on domestic issues than to send resources abroad \u2013 and that their country should strive for self-sufficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"scene-8 has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>right-leaning, internationally engaged <\/strong>groups see their country as intertwined with others. They view international cooperation as benefiting their country\u2019s economic and security interests.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed055189 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide on-top is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-dc43a170 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center has-small-font-size is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:20%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links 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c7.547,0,11.675-6.252,11.675-11.675c0-0.178-0.004-0.355-0.012-0.531C20.985,7.47,21.68,6.747,22.23,5.924z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Twitter<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li data-wp-context=\"{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/beta.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/?p=27918&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;How Young Adults Want Their Country To Engage With the World&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Though younger people tend to be more internationally oriented than older adults, they differ from one another over how they want their country to engage with the world.&quot;,&quot;platform&quot;:&quot;linkedin&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/social-links\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\" style=\"color:#2a2a2a\" class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-linkedin has-text-color-color wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" 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wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained wp-container-1 is-position-sticky block-visibility-hide-large-screen prc-block-visibility__desktop\"><ol style=\" --block-gap: var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);\" class=\"is-style-dropdown has-text-color has--color has-background has--background-color wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents\" aria-role=\"navigation\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-block\/table-of-contents\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;unattachedPackagePart_27918&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;How Young Adults Want Their Country To Engage With the 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class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections\" data-wp-hidden=\"callbacks.hasSections\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--section=\"context.chapter.sections\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-watch--for-current-section=\"callbacks.watchForCurrentSection\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.section.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.section.label\" data-wp-on--click=\"callbacks.scrollSmoothly\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t<li data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/table-of-contents::context.items\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/03\/08\/how-young-adults-want-their-country-to-engage-with-the-world\/\" data-wp-bind--href=\"context.chapter.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.chapter.label\">How Young Adults Want Their Country To Engage With the World<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections\" data-wp-hidden=\"callbacks.hasSections\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--section=\"context.chapter.sections\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-watch--for-current-section=\"callbacks.watchForCurrentSection\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.section.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.section.label\" data-wp-on--click=\"callbacks.scrollSmoothly\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/ol><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignleft is-style-250-wide has-small-font-size has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained block-visibility-hide-medium-screen prc-block-visibility__tablet block-visibility-hide-small-screen prc-block-visibility__mobile\"><ol style=\" --block-gap: inherit;\" class=\"is-style-default has-text-color has--color has-background has--background-color wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents has-sans-serif-font-family\" aria-role=\"navigation\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-block\/table-of-contents\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;unattachedPackagePart_27918&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;How Young Adults Want Their Country To Engage With the World&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;how-young-adults-want-their-country-to-engage-with-the-world&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/beta.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/global\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/08\\\/how-young-adults-want-their-country-to-engage-with-the-world\\\/&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:27918,&quot;is_active&quot;:true,&quot;items&quot;:[],&quot;chapters&quot;:[],&quot;sections&quot;:[]}],&quot;highlightCurrentSection&quot;:true}\" data-wp-init--map-sections-to-chapters=\"callbacks.mapFoundSectionsToChapters\" data-wp-init--watch-for-section-scroll=\"callbacks.initWatchForSectionScroll\" data-wp-on-document--scroll=\"callbacks.watchForSectionScroll\">\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--chapter=\"context.items\">\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.chapter.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.chapter.label\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections\" data-wp-hidden=\"callbacks.hasSections\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--section=\"context.chapter.sections\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-watch--for-current-section=\"callbacks.watchForCurrentSection\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.section.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.section.label\" data-wp-on--click=\"callbacks.scrollSmoothly\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t<li data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/table-of-contents::context.items\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/03\/08\/how-young-adults-want-their-country-to-engage-with-the-world\/\" data-wp-bind--href=\"context.chapter.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.chapter.label\">How Young Adults Want Their Country To Engage With the World<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections\" data-wp-hidden=\"callbacks.hasSections\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--section=\"context.chapter.sections\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item\" data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-watch--for-current-section=\"callbacks.watchForCurrentSection\">\n\t\t\t\t<a data-wp-bind--href=\"context.section.url\" data-wp-text=\"context.section.label\" data-wp-on--click=\"callbacks.scrollSmoothly\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/ol><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;introduction&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-hidden has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-658edfc1ae90be9e60274ef7d5bf70e9\" id=\"introduction\" style=\"font-size:5px\">Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap wp-block-paragraph\">How younger adults want their country to engage in the world is closely related to how they understand their country\u2019s current place in the world. Is their country well-resourced and morally obligated to work with other nations? Or stretched thin at home and unprepared for effective action abroad?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The focus groups took place in November and December 2022, against the backdrop of rapidly rising <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/10\/19\/us\/politics\/biden-gas-prices-oil-electric-vehicles.html\">energy prices<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/energy-crisis-europe-faces-winters-of-discontent-with-high-prices-here-to-stay\/a-63412238\">cooling temperatures<\/a>. As countries braced themselves for the first full winter following the <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topic\/international-affairs\/international-issues\/war-international-conflict-2\/\">Russian invasion of Ukraine<\/a>, much of the conversation was refracted through the lens of the Ukraine crisis: Topics included domestic priorities centered on gas prices and the cost of living, as well as dealing with refugees, and international priorities focused on issues of energy and geopolitical incursions. Yet, how people understood these respective issues \u2013 and prioritized them \u2013 differed dramatically based on which of the four archetypical groups they fell in. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, people on the ideological left typically feel some level of moral obligation to help Ukraine, but also hold a deep skepticism of their own government\u2019s role and motives. For those who prioritize international engagement, the desire to help Ukrainians \u2013 both in Ukraine and as refugees \u2013 can outweigh their concerns about their government\u2019s ability to properly handle the crisis. For more domestically focused people on the left, a sense that their government makes things worse when it gets involved militarily often leads them to prioritize diverting money to help their domestic population. Right-leaning, domestically focused participants are more inclined to prioritize their own people first, but highlight the importance of energy independence. They also do not support sending \u201cblank checks\u201d abroad for limited perceived benefit. And right-leaning internationalists see the need to counter an authoritarian Russia, both for their own security and the security of the world order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group aligncenter is-style-640-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-views-of-russia-s-invasion-of-ukraine-vary-across-focus-groups\">How views of Russia&#8217;s invasion of Ukraine vary across focus groups<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;prc-block-carousel-controller-3&quot;,&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;slideIndex&quot;:0,&quot;count&quot;:4,&quot;viewType&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;enableRewind&quot;:true,&quot;slides&quot;:[{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 1&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-4&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 2&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:1,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-5&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 3&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:2,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-6&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 4&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:3,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-7&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}\" data-wp-class--is-enabled=\"context.enabled\" data-wp-class--is-selected=\"context.isSelected\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onInit\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller\" data-wp-on--mouseenter=\"callbacks.onMouseEnter\" data-wp-on--mouseleave=\"callbacks.onMouseLeave\" data-wp-on-document--scroll=\"callbacks.onCoverScroll\" data-wp-watch--cover-final-side-disable=\"callbacks.onCoverFinalSideDisable\" id=\"prc-block-carousel-controller-3\" style=\"--prc-carousel-controller-dot-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black);--prc-carousel-controller-arrow-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black);\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-controller has-arrows-medium has-dots-small has-dot-color has-arrow-color\"><div class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__track\"><div class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__track__inner\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-4&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:0,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-4\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon1.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52045\" style=\"width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Left-leaning, internationally engaged<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position:<\/strong> Our country has a moral obligation to assist Ukraine, especially refugees. We should be skeptical about why our country chose to get involved in this issue yet often does less to help in other humanitarian situations or with refugees from many non-European countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-640-wide has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4ee9e773 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_LL_IE_man.png?w=38\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52033\" style=\"width:19px;height:26px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cThere\u2019s a reason why we\u2019ve been so generous to the people of Ukraine \u2026 and yet we don\u2019t behave in the same way virtually anywhere else, even though I\u2019ve no more in common with a Ukrainian than I do with an Iranian, for example.\u201d \u2013 Man, UK<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-5&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:1,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-5\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e0e6e3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon2.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52046 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e0e6e3; width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Left-leaning, domestically focused<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position: <\/strong>Ukrainians deserve help, but so do many people around the world, including and especially our own people. We should avoid international entanglement, even if we think the Ukrainians deserve assistance. When we do get involved militarily, things get worse in those countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-640-wide has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4ee9e773 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_LL_DF_woman2.png?w=50\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52032\" style=\"width:25px;height:25px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cI have the impression that France is trying to save other countries before saving itself.\u201d \u2013 Woman, France<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-6&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:2,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-6\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52047\" style=\"width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Right-leaning, domestically focused<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position:<\/strong> The war in Ukraine has made it clear that we need to be more independent, especially when it comes to energy. We should avoid military entanglements because they take resources away from our country that are more badly needed internally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f8f9f8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_RL_DF_woman.png?w=50\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52039 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f8f9f8; width:25px;height:26px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cI thought it was wrong that we sent Ukraine military aid because that involved us in the war and has damaged us economically.\u201d <em>\u2013<\/em><\/em> <em>Woman, Germany<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-7&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:3,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-7\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ecf0ef\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon4.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52048 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ecf0ef; width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Right<strong>-leaning,<\/strong> internationally engaged<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position:<\/strong> Helping Ukraine is critical because the world order \u2013 and our country\u2019s security \u2013 depends on countering adversarial nations like Russia. Our country needs to demonstrate power on this issue, otherwise bad actors will be encouraged in the future. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_RL_IE_woman-1.png?w=50\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52043\" style=\"width:25px;height:25px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cWe are pushing back against Russia with a pretty heavy hand, which I think is very needed in order to protect the democratic values that we believe for all the people of Ukraine.\u201d&nbsp;<em>\u2013<\/em> Woman, U.S<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><button class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow__prev\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToPreviousSlide\" aria-label=\"Previous slide\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__chevron-left\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#chevron-left\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow__next\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToNextSlide\" aria-label=\"Next slide\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__chevron-right\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#chevron-right\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><div class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dots\"><template data-wp-each--dot=\"context.slides\"><button class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><\/template><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 1\" data-slide-index=\"0\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 2\" data-slide-index=\"1\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 3\" data-slide-index=\"2\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 4\" data-slide-index=\"3\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:8px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70;font-size:14px\">Note: The typical position shown here is a simplification of the focus groups and reflects the cross-national themes that came up in each archetypal group.<br>Source: Focus groups conducted Nov. 8 &#8211; Dec. 7, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color-color has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_0-01.png\" alt=\"Table showing when asked about the current state of their country, focus group respondents overwhelmingly negative\" style=\"width:420px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Domestic politics and people\u2019s understanding of their own country\u2019s history also heavily inform their thoughts about how their country should behave on the global stage. Historically distant events like empire, slavery and World War II still have modern impact, coloring which issues people say are moral obligations, how people think their country should work with international organizations and more. And recent events \u2013 whether it be the <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/climate-elections-europe-angela-merkel-european-union-675ee26e99ce6e7f57d0f61989b05a16\">transition from Chancellor Angela Merkel to Olaf Scholz<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/january-6-capitol-riot\/\">Jan. 6 insurrection in the U.S.<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2022\/10\/20\/1130184234\/liz-truss-prime-minister-resigns-uk-turmoil\">rapid leadership changes in the UK<\/a> or even a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/putin-kept-macron-distance-snubbing-covid-demands-sources-2022-02-10\/\">bilateral summit between Presidents Emmanuel Macron and Vladimir Putin<\/a> \u2013 color how people think about their country\u2019s competency to act internationally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All told, the overall mood in the groups was one of political discontent, turbulence and apprehension \u2013 and, when asked to summarize the state of their country in one word, most focused on negative sentiments like \u201cembarrassing,\u201d \u201cuncertain\u201d or \u201cshambles.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Below, we\u2019ll expand upon these themes in more detail, drawing upon the richness of 16 focus groups with 18- to 29-year-olds conducted in France, Germany, the UK and the U.S., as well as decades of findings from cross-national and U.S.-focused survey data.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center has been conducting quantitative research on views of international cooperation and multilateral organizations over the past two decades. This is the Center\u2019s first in-depth project further exploring opinion on these topics using qualitative methods. We held 16 focus groups from Nov. 8 to Dec. 7, 2022, in or near the capital cities of France (Paris), Germany (Berlin), the United Kingdom (London) and the United States (Arlington, Virginia), with four groups per country. Groups were organized by ideological affiliation and views toward their own country\u2019s involvement in world affairs. See the <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/03\/08\/young-people-focus-groups-methodology\/\">Methodology<\/a> for more information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_0-02.png\" alt=\"Table showing focus group recruitment approach\" style=\"width:640px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The conversations among group participants were video recorded, transcribed and translated. The final data sent to Pew Research Center was anonymized. The Center analyzed the transcripts (in English) for key themes. Our analysis is not a fact check of participants\u2019 views.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While we do highlight sentiments expressed by individual participants in the report, they are meant to be representative of the themes discussed in the group more broadly. Nonetheless, quotations are not necessarily representative of the majority opinion in any particular group or country. Quotations may have been edited for grammar, spelling and clarity.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e6a123d190f5df05c3731c9dd97e6357\" style=\"min-height:500px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-52006\" alt=\"A crane is positioned above new residential housing units under construction on Dec. 19, 2022, in Los Angeles. (Mario Tama\/Getty Images)\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_photo-2.jpg\" style=\"object-position:49% 6%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"49% 6%\"\/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-40 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-17979c28 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;should-countries-focus-overseas-or-at-home&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ui-white-color has-text-color has-h-1-font-size\" id=\"should-countries-focus-overseas-or-at-home\">Should countries focus overseas or at home?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide captions-hidden has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f2301368 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70\">A crane is positioned above new residential housing units under construction on Dec. 19, 2022, in Los Angeles. (Mario Tama\/Getty Images)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While younger people are often <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/09\/21\/international-cooperation-welcomed-across-14-advanced-economies\/\">more supportive of international cooperation<\/a> than older ones, this is not always the case. In the U.S., young adults are <em>more<\/em> likely than older ones to say we should pay less attention to problems overseas and concentrate on problems here at home than to say it\u2019s best for the future of our country to be active in world affairs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_0-03.png\" alt=\"Bar chart showing younger adults less likely to say the U.S. should be active in world affairs\" style=\"width:310px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The focus groups were organized in part based on this concept: two groups per country with people who said it was better for the future of their country to be active in world affairs (\u201cinternationally engaged\u201d) and two with people who said that their country should pay less attention to problems overseas and concentrate on problems at home (\u201cdomestically focused\u201d). Both the \u201cinternationally engaged\u201d and \u201cdomestically focused\u201d sections were then split ideologically into left and right for a total of four focus groups per country. (For more, see <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/03\/08\/young-people-focus-groups-methodology\/\">Methodology<\/a>.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Below, we highlight the ways people thought about the trade-off between being active in world affairs or concentrating at home, as well as the relative pros and cons of being more internationally engaged or domestically focused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_domestically-focused.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52012\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"domestically-focused-young-adults-see-domestic-and-foreign-policy-as-zero-sum\">Domestically focused young adults see domestic and foreign policy as \u2018zero-sum\u2019<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Young focus group participants who prioritize concentrating on problems at home frequently highlighted the ways in which they perceive foreign and domestic interests as a zero-sum battle for resources. People felt that spending less abroad could mean more funding for health care or education. Others felt \u201cignored\u201d because of their government\u2019s focus on Ukrainians at the expense of its own citizens. One left-leaning, domestically focused German woman described it this way: \u201cUkrainians are being preferred at the moment. Perhaps this means that our government should care more for our own citizens.\u201d One French woman even questioned the notion of whether France is as rich as it looks on paper, given the inequality in the country, saying, \u201cWe are supposed to be a developed country, one of the world powers, and we still have buildings collapsing in France \u2026 we are not able to take care of ourselves. We will only be able to help internationally when we have political and social stability in our own country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_domestically-focused.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52012\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"domestically-focused-young-people-want-to-get-their-own-house-in-order\">Domestically focused young people want to \u2018get their own house in order\u2019<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These feelings extended to a general interest in fixing domestic problems before focusing abroad. A woman in the U.S. passionately declared, \u201cWe should go back to that good old-fashioned 1800s isolationism policy and just be like \u2018our country is a hot mess.\u2019 Can we just pause for a second with all the world wars and just fix up shop here? Because we\u2019ve got some serious issues at home.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cIt\u2019s hard for people to believe in what you\u2019re saying internationally if everything in your own country doesn\u2019t seem to be positive.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Woman, UK, right domestically focused<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some were concerned that if countries don\u2019t have their acts together domestically, they\u2019ll be seen as hypocritical or moralizing. In the UK, a man felt it was important to \u201cget Britain\u2019s house in order before we can go abroad and lecture other people about what to do with their own place. Because things are such a mess here and they have been for such a long time, I think we need to concentrate all our energy and resources to helping people out here first because, you know, people are not able to afford their heating, not able to buy their own places, wages are stagnating \u2026 that\u2019s more important than lecturing other people about what they do in their country.\u201d An American man echoed this sentiment: \u201cThe United States likes to present itself as the arsenal of democracy, this whole \u2018city on a hill\u2019, this \u2018we are an example to others\u2019 type of ideal. But then when we go out and tell some other country to do this or that, they can point to us and say, \u2018well you have all these other issues at home and you are trying to tell us how to do things?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d4dedc\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_left-leaning.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52014 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d4dedc; width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"left-leaning-young-people-see-their-country-s-overseas-involvement-making-things-worse\">Left-leaning young people see their country\u2019s overseas involvement making things worse<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Left-leaning, domestically focused groups often highlight the importance of focusing internally because of poor outcomes in the past when their country <em>had<\/em> been internationally engaged. Per one British man, \u201cWhenever we\u2019ve gone into other countries, what does that look like? How did those countries turn out? Normally, not well.\u201d One German man, for example, highlighted how he felt like Germany was exacerbating conflicts in other countries by selling their weapons overseas. An American woman described America\u2019s involvement overseas serving as the \u201cworld\u2019s policeman\u201d sarcastically, saying, \u201cLet\u2019s just pass on some of this democracy stuff to everyone else and destabilize them a little bit. They\u2019ve got oil, right? Like, it\u2019s fun, it\u2019s fun for everybody.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cI think we should just be more appreciative of other people\u2019s cultures and their countries instead of charging in like a savior and completely disregarding all of that.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Woman, UK, left internationally engaged<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even some <em>internationally<\/em> oriented left-leaning participants are skeptical about <em>how <\/em>and<em> why<\/em> a country gets involved. One French man noted, \u201cMy opinion on the government today is not that it\u2019s uninvolved but rather that it gets involved in the wrong way. Meaning there\u2019s a lack of coherence.\u201d His critique \u2013 echoed by many left-leaning, internationally oriented participants \u2013 was not that the government was handling all issues badly or that it should be doing less. Rather, that in focusing on certain issues \u2013 e.g., Ukraine \u2013 it has become more evident where the government is <em>not<\/em> taking a stand. For example, one British man noted, \u201cIt\u2019s positive the way we intervened in Ukraine to an extent, but I think it\u2019s negative the way those decisions are made. We turn a blind eye to lots of other awful things happening. We\u2019ve got a great relationship with Saudi Arabia despite their appalling human rights record \u2026 I think we\u2019re quite hypocritical in that way, not always making the right decisions.\u201d The examples regularly cited \u2013 such as prioritizing Ukrainian refugees over African or Syrian ones \u2013 or defending Ukrainians but being unwilling to take a stand for the women protesting in Iran \u2013 often involved implicit or explicit accusations of racism on the part of the governments. Some also accused their governments of being relatively weak and unwilling to stand up for human rights when there is a high economic cost, such as defending the Uyghurs in China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_domestically-focused.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52012\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"even-young-adults-who-emphasize-problems-at-home-don-t-want-to-be-isolationists\">Even young adults who emphasize problems at home don\u2019t want to be isolationists<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, not all participants who say it is more important to focus domestically feel that way at the <em>expense<\/em> of international engagement, stressing that they are not \u201cbeing completely isolationist.\u201d Rather, they noted that it is a question of degree and prioritization. One British man declared: \u201cIt\u2019s not that we don\u2019t want to cooperate and be involved in world affairs at all. But, I think if we were to evaluate where we should put most of our focus, it\u2019s more important that we sort out domestic issues.\u201d Participants who prioritize a domestic focus still often foreground the importance of working through <a href=\"#_How_do_young\">international organizations<\/a> \u2013 particularly the European Union in the case of France and Germany, but also NATO in the U.S. and UK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cIt\u2019s not, like, being complete isolationists. But as the world has become more global and we\u2019re facing more crises \u2026 I think it\u2019s about being able to take care of the people we already have here.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Man, UK, left domestically focused<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Much of this stems from the often shared notion that problems do not stop at the water\u2019s edge \u2013 or that international issues have domestic \u201cknock-on effects,\u201d as one British focus group repeatedly stressed. Even domestically focused participants recognize that many domestic problems are caused by global phenomena, including climate change, supply chain issues, COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine. One American man mentioned the war in Ukraine, noting, \u201cWe saw how quickly it affected gas prices here at home and food prices. Instability on the global market is something I think a lot of people are detached from until it comes back very quickly, whether we like it or not. We\u2019re a very global society now and any instability on the global level comes back to affect us.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, the recognition of \u201cknock-on effects\u201d\u2013 particularly because of the war in Ukraine \u2013 prompt two very different possible solutions. Some domestically focused participants \u2013 especially on the right \u2013 see the importance of becoming self-sufficient. In Germany, concerns about how \u201cvulnerable\u201d the country had become due to dependence on Russian oil led to calls in the right-leaning, domestically focused group to \u201cdo it ourselves, produce it ourselves.\u201d Britons came to the same solution: \u201cIf they\u2019d reinvested all the money we\u2019ve spent on Ukraine into energy production within the UK &#8230; we could just reduce the risk of Russia as a whole.\u201d In the U.S., right-leaning, domestically focused participants stressed the importance of drilling and domestic energy production and in France, too, right-leaning, domestically focused participants noted that when it comes to energy, it\u2019s important for \u201cFrance to become sovereign on this topic.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cThe problems elsewhere have consequences at home, so it\u2019s better to have a position on them and an influence in their resolution.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Man, France, left internationally focused<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast, internationally focused participants reached the opposite conclusion: Since problems don\u2019t stop at the water\u2019s edge, collaboration and international engagement are essential. Per one British man: \u201cUkraine has had a massive impact on the cost-of-living crisis in the UK and I think for me, since an externality in a different country impacts our day-to-day life here, if we were not active in supplying weaponry, emergency support \u2026 it\u2019d be even worse for the day-to-day living in the UK.\u201d One man specifically highlighted that Europe \u201csuffered the consequences of the choices of other powers, such as the U.S. under Donald Trump\u201d but since his \u201cdecisions had a direct impact on Europe\u201d it\u2019s important to get involved so as not to \u201csuffer the consequences without doing anything.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_internationally-engaged.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52013\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"internationally-engaged-young-people-see-benefits-and-moral-obligation-to-focus-overseas\">Internationally engaged young people see benefits and moral obligation to focus overseas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Internationally engaged participants also tend to stress tangible domestic benefits stemming from such engagement. For example, one French woman said that if the country is closed off, it becomes \u201ca place people don\u2019t want to go to, don\u2019t want to study in, don\u2019t want to invest in, and it\u2019s something that isn\u2019t attractive on the international stage.\u201d Others see the security benefits because of collaboration, intelligence sharing and working with allies. One German man, for example, stressed that no one in the country should be \u201cunder the illusion\u201d that the German military can defend itself against Russia on its own and that safety and security are, in part, because of European collaboration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cI think about NATO and our alliances and agreements abroad that protect us from things we may not be able to see at home \u2026 our involvement across the world in preventing threats can make us safer here.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Man, U.S., left internationally engaged<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Participants also often evoke a sense of largesse: They see their country as affluent and able to help the world and thus feel like it should do so. \u201cAs a wealthy nation, the U.S. kind of has a moral duty to promote our social causes across the world and fund initiatives to help the developing world and promote kind of a baseline human rights cause,\u201d said one U.S. man. The specific moral obligations varied widely, too: Some noted the importance of collaborating on climate change \u201cbecause we all live in the same environment,\u201d while others stressed the importance of taking an active stand on human rights or anti-poverty initiatives. But the discussion was often focused on how people wanted their country to appear on the global stage. As one British man put it: \u201cIt\u2019s part of our duty to care what\u2019s going on overseas \u2026 it reflects us as a nation, as a people.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d97f4ad6c00cf93ddad6dd74a783883a\" style=\"min-height:500px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-52007\" alt=\"The Gardon River dries up during a drought on Aug. 13, 2022, in Anduze, France. (Patrick Aventurier\/Getty Images)\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_photo-3.jpg\" style=\"object-position:49% 17%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"49% 17%\"\/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-30 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-17979c28 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;what-do-young-people-want-their-countries-to-focus-on&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ui-white-color has-text-color has-h-1-font-size\" id=\"what-do-young-people-want-their-countries-to-focus-on\">What do young people want their countries to focus on?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull captions-hidden has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-515103cf wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70\">The Gardon River dries up during a drought on Aug. 13, 2022, in Anduze, France. (Patrick Aventurier\/Getty Images)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While climate change is an overarching international priority for all young adults, other international priorities vary. For domestically focused young people, energy independence (for those on the right) or diversification (for those on the left) in the wake of the war in Ukraine is a particularly urgent matter. Internationally engaged people also see the value of working with allies and international organizations to solve various world problems via their country\u2019s relative power and diplomatic strength \u2013 particularly in France and Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group aligncenter is-style-640-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-views-of-international-priorities-vary-across-focus-groups\">How views of international priorities vary across focus groups<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;prc-block-carousel-controller-8&quot;,&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;slideIndex&quot;:0,&quot;count&quot;:4,&quot;viewType&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;enableRewind&quot;:true,&quot;slides&quot;:[{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 1&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-9&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 2&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:1,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-10&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 3&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:2,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-11&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 4&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:3,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-12&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}\" data-wp-class--is-enabled=\"context.enabled\" data-wp-class--is-selected=\"context.isSelected\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onInit\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller\" data-wp-on--mouseenter=\"callbacks.onMouseEnter\" data-wp-on--mouseleave=\"callbacks.onMouseLeave\" data-wp-on-document--scroll=\"callbacks.onCoverScroll\" data-wp-watch--cover-final-side-disable=\"callbacks.onCoverFinalSideDisable\" id=\"prc-block-carousel-controller-8\" style=\"--prc-carousel-controller-dot-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black);--prc-carousel-controller-arrow-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black);\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-controller has-arrows-medium has-dots-small has-dot-color has-arrow-color\"><div class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__track\"><div class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__track__inner\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-9&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:0,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-9\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon1.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52045\" style=\"width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Left-leaning, internationally engaged<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position: <\/strong>It is best if we engage with the world via diplomacy and international mediation. Cooperation is pivotal even on issues like energy, where we need to diversify.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-640-wide has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4ee9e773 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_LL_IE_man.png?w=38\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52033\" style=\"width:19px;height:26px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cThere are few conflicts where Germany wouldn\u2019t be accepted as a mediator or as a diplomatic player; we should utilize that more strongly and get more involved.\u201d<\/em> <em>\u2013 Man, Germany<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-10&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:1,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-10\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e0e6e3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon2.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52046 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e0e6e3; width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Left<strong>-leaning,<\/strong> domestically focused<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position: <\/strong>If we must engage with the world, we need to focus on how it impacts our country. On issues like energy, we need to focus more on renewables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-640-wide has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4ee9e773 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_LL_DF_man2.png?w=44\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52030\" style=\"width:22px;height:27px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cWe need to reinvest in our infrastructure, move into more alternative sources of energy and overhaul our current infrastructure to be more green.\u201d \u2013 Man, UK<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-11&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:2,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-11\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52047\" style=\"width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Right<strong>-leaning,<\/strong> domestically focused<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position:<\/strong> We are experiencing the negative economic impacts of overreliance on other countries. Our priority should be independence \u2013 even when it comes to issues like energy production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_RL_DF_woman2.png?w=50\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52040\" style=\"width:25px;height:25px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cStrategically, we should ally with countries that can supply us with what\u2019s needed while France does what\u2019s necessary to be independent.\u201d <em>\u2013<\/em><\/em> <em>Woman, France<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-12&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:3,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-12\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ecf0ef\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon4.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52048 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ecf0ef; width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Right<strong>-leaning,<\/strong> internationally engaged<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position:<\/strong> Because of our country\u2019s relative power, we are seen as legitimate arbiters of conflict. We should focus on alliances and cooperation, though \u2013 including for energy production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e4e8e7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_RL_IE_woman.png?w=50\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52044 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e4e8e7; width:25px;height:26px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cWe have to be more diplomatic because of our past and our history.\u201d&nbsp;<em>\u2013<\/em> Woman, Germany<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><button class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow__prev\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToPreviousSlide\" aria-label=\"Previous slide\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__chevron-left\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#chevron-left\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow__next\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToNextSlide\" aria-label=\"Next slide\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__chevron-right\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#chevron-right\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><div class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dots\"><template data-wp-each--dot=\"context.slides\"><button class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><\/template><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 1\" data-slide-index=\"0\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 2\" data-slide-index=\"1\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 3\" data-slide-index=\"2\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 4\" data-slide-index=\"3\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:8px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70;font-size:14px\">Note: The typical position shown here is a simplification of the focus groups and reflects the cross-national themes that came up in each archetypical group.<br>Source: Focus groups conducted Nov. 8 &#8211; Dec. 7, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color-color has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_all.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52011\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"young-adults-think-climate-change-requires-a-global-solution\">Young adults think climate change requires a global solution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2022\/08\/31\/climate-change-remains-top-global-threat-across-19-country-survey\/#h-concerns-about-climate-misinformation-and-cyberattacks-predominate-across-19-countries-but-people-are-also-concerned-about-the-global-economy-and-spread-of-infectious-diseases\">Past Pew Research Center surveys<\/a> have found that young adults in these countries tend to be more concerned that climate change will harm them personally, as well as more optimistic about the global community\u2019s ability to deal with climate change and more likely to see efforts like the Paris climate agreement benefiting their country\u2019s economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_0-04.png\" alt=\"Dot plot showing younger adults more optimistic international action can reduce the effect of climate than older adults\" style=\"width:420px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Climate change is a top-of-mind issue, as many participants see it impacting all nations in the world. As one internationally engaged British man said: \u201cI suppose it comes back to morality \u2026 We sort of have to work together, we&#8217;re all living in the same environment after all, so it&#8217;d be better if we worked together on that front.\u201d Participants noted that they, as young people, diverged from older people on this issue. One French woman, for example, framed older people\u2019s view of climate change as being a \u201cvalue\u201d \u2013 more of an ideal one can choose to pursue or not, noting that younger people, like herself, knew climate change to be a \u201cproblem\u201d \u2013 something pressing that needs an immediate solution and can\u2019t be put off.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even domestically focused groups see climate change as an issue where they were willing to engage with other countries. \u201cThere&#8217;s no way of dealing with climate change as just us because we&#8217;re going to be by ourselves,\u201d said one woman in the UK. Still, this recognition could carry resentment that one\u2019s own country is shouldering too much. For their part, Europeans often wanted to see more from countries like the U.S. and China on climate change \u2013 sometimes emphasizing that domestically, they were doing enough and that the issue lay elsewhere. \u201cThe problem is that many countries, such as the U.S., are not listening to science and don\u2019t care at all,\u201d said one German man. While left-leaning Americans called for the U.S. to do more, most Americans also fixated on the need for other high emission countries like China and India to be held accountable. \u201cWe should absolutely be working with other countries, but we have to actually expect them to hold up their side of the bargain, which we have not done &#8230; we cannot let these countries that have no motivation to change their ways continue to just rule the day and do whatever they want,\u201d said one conservative U.S. woman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_right-domestically-focused.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52015\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"right-leaning-domestically-focused-young-people-often-stress-energy-independence\">Right-leaning, domestically focused young people often stress energy independence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another key issue younger people want their governments to focus on, particularly in Europe, is diversifying their country\u2019s energy supply \u2013 both in type and away from Russia. Past Center surveys have found that younger people are more likely than older ones to oppose expanding the use of natural gas, and in France and the U.S., they are also more likely than older people to say increasing production of renewable energy should be prioritized over increasing fossil fuel production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cThe war in Ukraine has had a knock-on effect on us with the fuel, the energy. Obviously, this is the worst winter that the UK has had and people don&#8217;t know if they can keep their homes.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Woman, UK, right internationally engaged<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The war in Ukraine and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/how-ukraine-conflict-is-reshaping-global-oil-markets-2022-05-30\/\">resulting impact<\/a> on the world\u2019s oil supply created a sense of urgency. \u201cIt showed me how vulnerable we are because we\u2019ve relied on Russia far too much. I don\u2019t want that anymore in the future, that we are so dependent on one country,\u201d noted one German woman. In France, another woman expressed frustration with the French response to Ukraine being insufficient as France waffled about whether it needed Russian oil: \u201cIn the beginning, France didn\u2019t really know where to position itself, knowing that Russia is the first energy supplier in Europe \u2026 they didn\u2019t clearly state their position, and it\u2019s only later that they did an about-face and said they were totally with Ukraine.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, solutions diverge. In right-leaning, domestically focused groups, becoming completely independent in energy production is a goal, with any international cooperation being a means to an end. As one French woman put it: \u201cStrategically, we should ally with countries that can supply us with what\u2019s needed while France does what\u2019s necessary to be independent.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_internationally-engaged.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52013\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"overall-internationally-oriented-young-adults-prefer-a-diversification-of-energy-sources\">Overall, internationally oriented young adults prefer a diversification of energy sources<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those on the ideological left, on the other hand, stressed the importance of diversifying energy sources \u2013 both suppliers and types. \u201cWe have seen the consequences of dependencies in the energy supply when you have one main supplier only. In this case, our foreign policy should become even more proactive, because we can see what happens when you rely on one supplier,\u201d said one German woman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cI would favor diversification, meaning sourcing products from various countries and not only gas from Russia by gas pipelines or from China, even though it might be cheaper at first glance.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Man, Germany, right internationally engaged<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alternative energy is a particular focus for internationally engaged or left-leaning participants, who often tie it back to the issue of climate change. Some described the need to reinvest in infrastructure, whether it be wind or solar, or to \u201ctry to overhaul our current infrastructure to be more green.\u201d France\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/world-nuclear.org\/information-library\/country-profiles\/countries-a-f\/france.aspx\">nuclear energy capabilities<\/a> also factored into discussions. French participants saw it as a competitive advantage \u2013 especially vis-\u00e0-vis Germany \u2013 and Germans largely agreed. \u201cFrance is also a good example when it comes to energy policy and also energy prices. They have just capped the energy prices. And when it comes to energy production, they still use their nuclear power plants. And you can even refurbish the used materials and mix some fresh material and implement it to the nuclear power plants again,\u201d said one German man.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Americans largely do not feel the impact of Russia on their energy supply as acutely as Europeans. Still, internationally engaged people see the situation in Europe as a cautionary tale. One American man said, \u201cI think one thing Russia has done during the war is use their economic ties with the West to kind of gain leverage over them \u2026 they have the Nord Stream 1 and 2 pipelines and it has made Europe reliant on Russia for oil and gas.\u201d For right-leaning groups, this led some to call for ramping up domestic energy production. One American said that if the U.S. boosted domestic production, \u201cWe can be a trade partner that is an energy exporter of all kinds that allows other countries to feel safe when they \u2026 come to the table to get energy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_internationally-engaged.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52013\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"internationally-oriented-young-adults-prefer-a-diversification-of-energy-sources-1\">Internationally oriented young adults want their countries to be leaders in diplomacy and mediation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many also want their country to be a leader in diplomacy and mediation. This especially came up in France and Germany. \u201cI find it good that France often plays the role of mediator between different countries, actively but all while being conciliatory, it enables it to take stronger positions on certain subjects, including \u2026 Qatar and Russia,\u201d said one French woman. Young French people specifically see their country\u2019s ability to help mediate between the U.S. and China. As one French man said: \u201cbecause we are a third power as Europe, even if we use it very poorly. We could try to find common ground and we have enough power then to force them to listen to us and find solutions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Germans also mentioned seeing themselves as mediators \u2013 a strategic advantage their country can play up to get more involved in the global community. As one man said, \u201cGermany has a very positive image in almost all the world and there are few conflicts where Germany wouldn\u2019t be accepted as a mediator or as a diplomatic player, that we utilize that more strongly and get more involved.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U.S. survey data shows that younger Americans tend to be less likely than older adults to say that the best way to ensure peace is through military strength, and <em>more<\/em> likely to favor diplomacy than older people. And, in focus groups, this emerged: Internationally engaged Americans on the left were particularly keen to engage diplomatically and reduce military spending, collaborating with multinational organizations in the interest of preventing conflicts. Still, some in right-leaning American groups felt that diplomacy itself was best accomplished when military strength backed it up: \u201cWe can still negotiate at the table, because we can focus certain military actions, because we are capable. As soon as we lose that role, we don&#8217;t have that much left.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8533e7812e39dc956de088bb58778495\" style=\"min-height:500px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dbe6e3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-52008 not-transparent\" alt=\"The United Nations headquarters building stands behind world flags on Sept. 19, 2022, in New York City. (Anna Moneymaker\/Getty Images)\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_photo-4.jpg\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dbe6e3; object-position:50% 94%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"50% 94%\"\/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-30 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-17979c28 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;how-do-young-people-want-their-country-to-engage-with-international-organizations&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ui-white-color has-text-color has-h-1-font-size\" id=\"how-do-young-people-want-their-country-to-engage-with-international-organizations\">How do young people want their country to engage with international organizations?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull captions-hidden has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-515103cf wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70\">The United Nations headquarters building stands behind world flags on Sept. 19, 2022, in New York City. (Anna Moneymaker\/Getty Images)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_0-05.png\" alt=\"Dot plot showing young people in France, U.S. and UK more likely to consider allies\u2019 interests than older people\" style=\"width:420px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Past polling data suggest that young adults are more willing to engage with the international system than older adults. For example, they have long tended to have more positive views of both the <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/member-nations-had-broadly-favorable-views-of-the-eu\/\">EU<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/09\/21\/united-nations-and-world-health-organization-receive-positive-ratings-across-most-countries\/\">United Nations<\/a>. They also tend to prefer taking into account the interests of allies or other countries \u2013 even if it requires making compromises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While many young people across focus groups see the value in international organizations, some are skeptical that the benefits of organizations like NATO, the EU and to a lesser extent, the UN are not worth the costs. Internationally engaged people on the left and right see membership in most organizations as critical for increasing their country\u2019s position on the world stage, while domestically focused people tend to be much warier of their potential drain on resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group aligncenter is-style-640-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-views-of-engaging-with-international-organizations-vary-across-focus-groups\">How views of engaging with international organizations vary across focus groups<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;prc-block-carousel-controller-13&quot;,&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;slideIndex&quot;:0,&quot;count&quot;:4,&quot;viewType&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;enableRewind&quot;:true,&quot;slides&quot;:[{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 1&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-14&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 2&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:1,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-15&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 3&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:2,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-16&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 4&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:3,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-17&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}\" data-wp-class--is-enabled=\"context.enabled\" data-wp-class--is-selected=\"context.isSelected\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onInit\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller\" data-wp-on--mouseenter=\"callbacks.onMouseEnter\" data-wp-on--mouseleave=\"callbacks.onMouseLeave\" data-wp-on-document--scroll=\"callbacks.onCoverScroll\" data-wp-watch--cover-final-side-disable=\"callbacks.onCoverFinalSideDisable\" id=\"prc-block-carousel-controller-13\" style=\"--prc-carousel-controller-dot-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black);--prc-carousel-controller-arrow-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black);\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-controller has-arrows-medium has-dots-small has-dot-color has-arrow-color\"><div class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__track\"><div class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__track__inner\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-14&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:0,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-14\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon1.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52045\" style=\"width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Left<strong>-leaning,<\/strong> internationally engaged<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position:<\/strong> Membership in international organizations makes us stronger than we would be alone. While membership in organizations like the EU and NATO are critical, we must work to make these places more effective and efficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-640-wide has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4ee9e773 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_LL_IE_man.png?w=38\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52033\" style=\"width:19px;height:26px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cThe EU has to act much faster, no principle of unanimity, so that it can actually utilize its strengths as a global player.\u201d \u2013 Man, Germany<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-15&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:1,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-15\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e0e6e3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon2.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52046 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e0e6e3; width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Left<strong>-leaning,<\/strong> domestically focused<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position: <\/strong>We must be careful not to share too many of our economic or military resources with international organizations. NATO is one way we wish to engage with the world and is an appropriate way to counter Russia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-640-wide has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4ee9e773 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_LL_DF_man2.png?w=44\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52030\" style=\"width:22px;height:27px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cWe should not be isolationists, there are still things like the threat of Russia that requires collaboration.\u201d  \u2013 Man, UK<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-16&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:2,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-16\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52047\" style=\"width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Right<strong>-leaning,<\/strong> domestically focused<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position:<\/strong> We are better off helping ourselves than relying on international organizations. Overall, we are skeptical about the value added by organizations like NATO, the EU and to a lesser extent, the UN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e3e4de\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_RL_DF_man2.png?w=38\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52038 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e3e4de; width:19px;height:26px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cSo, why do we have the EU if they can&#8217;t manage to discuss the response to COVID?\u201d \u2013 Man, Germany<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-17&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:3,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-17\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ecf0ef\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon4.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52048 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ecf0ef; width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Right<strong>-leaning,<\/strong> internationally engaged<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position:<\/strong> We should be part of international organizations to be able to protect ourselves and our allies. Being a member of an international organization means we are able to impact policy that benefits our country. However, we need to be careful not to give up too much sovereignty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_RL_IE_woman-1.png?w=50\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52043\" style=\"width:25px;height:25px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cNATO protects us, but it\u2019s made us lose a lot of independence, notably to the U.S.\u201d&nbsp;<em>\u2013<\/em> Woman, France<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><button class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow__prev\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToPreviousSlide\" aria-label=\"Previous slide\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__chevron-left\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#chevron-left\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow__next\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToNextSlide\" aria-label=\"Next slide\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__chevron-right\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#chevron-right\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><div class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dots\"><template data-wp-each--dot=\"context.slides\"><button class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><\/template><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 1\" data-slide-index=\"0\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 2\" data-slide-index=\"1\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 3\" data-slide-index=\"2\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 4\" data-slide-index=\"3\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:8px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70;font-size:14px\">Note: The typical position shown here is a simplification of the focus groups and reflects the cross-national themes that came up in each archetypical group.<br>Source: Focus groups conducted Nov. 8 &#8211; Dec. 7, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color-color has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_internationally-engaged.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52013\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"internationally-oriented-young-adults-see-organizations-as-a-way-to-increase-their-power-and-security\">Internationally oriented young adults see organizations as a way to increase their country\u2019s power and security<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cActing multilaterally is stronger than acting alone. Russia&#8217;s economy wouldn&#8217;t be nearly as crippled if we weren\u2019t acting with the UK and the EU and all our other partners.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Woman, U.S., right internationally engaged<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many young people see membership in international organizations \u2013 especially EU membership \u2013 as adding legitimacy to their own country. This was the case even among UK respondents in the wake of Brexit. One French woman said, \u201cA presence on the international scene gives us weight, enabling negotiations, be it within Europe or in the world.\u201d In fact, rather than worrying about diluting their country\u2019s influence by collaborating with others, participants highlight how international engagement <em>amplifies<\/em> their power. \u201cThe fact that France, with the euro and the EU, we have an important place, we make important decisions and we are heard. We make influential decisions, so with meetings, G20 and all that, it\u2019s a positive point internationally,\u201d said one French man. Some internationally engaged Germans even entertained the idea that superpower status <em>could<\/em> be possible, but only through the EU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the UK, particularly among internationally engaged people, the absence of EU membership is felt as an acute loss. \u201cWe&#8217;re a lot less powerful now, on our own, than we were as a group. We&#8217;re not around that EU table anymore to make decisions on behalf of the EU either, and so we&#8217;re not in a position to be leading in the sense of preaching to other countries about what they should be doing,\u201d said one British man. While many young people in the UK still wish to be part of the EU, their aspirations for more influence do not extend to superpower status. As one UK man put it: \u201cI think we&#8217;ve probably overstepped that boundary maybe a few too many times, so probably best staying out of it for the foreseeable future.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"67594e\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_right-leaning.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52016 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #67594e; width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"right-leaning-young-people-particularly-value-security-focused-organizations-like-nato\">Right-leaning young people particularly value security-focused organizations like NATO<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cI didn&#8217;t realize how important NATO was \u2026 if you attack one member, it\u2019s treated as if you attacked the U.S. \u2026 I didn&#8217;t realize how powerful they were.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Man, U.S., right internationally engaged<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Young people also see international organizations as uniting countries in order to address security concerns and collaborate on common problems. For example, NATO\u2019s ability to keep member countries safe is seen as its primary advantage and is praised, in particular by people on the right. \u201c\u2026 Even though we&#8217;ve come out of the EU, we&#8217;re still a part of NATO. Places that are bordering Russia, they obviously want to become a part of NATO to protect themselves,\u201d said one British woman. \u201cI think about NATO and our alliances and agreements abroad that protect us from things we may not be able to see at home but are threats that could rise,\u201d said one American man. Many recognize the institution as a key part of deterring Russia, with one German man saying, \u201cIf Ukraine had already been a member of NATO, Russia wouldn\u2019t have attacked Ukraine, because the Russians know exactly that if a NATO country is attacked, all other NATO members are obliged to protect it.\u201d Even domestically focused people often recognized that while NATO carried costs and risks, it was worth it for the security: \u201cWe&#8217;re willing to pay that premium for the protection of NATO.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_domestically-focused.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52012\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"despite-seeing-some-benefits-domestically-focused-young-adults-are-more-critical-of-eu\">Despite seeing some benefits, domestically focused young adults are more critical of EU<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite some of the touted benefits, domestically focused young people are somewhat more critical of organizations, including the EU. One French focus group, for example, debated the merits of leaving the EU. While participants were quite divided over it, many were frustrated about a lack of autonomy: \u201cWe\u2019re not capable of making our own decisions without receiving a nod or approval from the EU \u2026 I feel like we suffer, more than anything else,\u201d said one French woman. In Germany, some expressed frustration with the minutiae of EU regulations, such as <a href=\"http:\/\/en.euabc.com\/word\/1007#:~:text=Under%20EU%20regulations%2C%20the%20ideal,to%20sell%20non%2Dclassified%20cucumbers.\">cucumber curvature<\/a>. One man suggested getting bogged down with these regulations hampered the bloc\u2019s ability to influence the world: \u201cThat\u2019s the problem, the EU has to act much faster, no principle of unanimity, so that you can actually utilize your strengths as a global player.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d4dedc\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_left-leaning.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52014 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d4dedc; width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"those-on-the-left-praised-the-un-in-the-abstract-but-argued-for-its-reform\">Those on the left praised the UN in the abstract but argued for its reform<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The UN, too, garnered criticism. Overall, it occupied a lesser status in people\u2019s minds compared with the EU and NATO. And while people generally mentioned it positively at first blush, when they started to discuss it in detail, they often called for its reform. Germans, in particular, stressed the need to reform veto power \u2013 standing out as the only country in which focus groups were held that did not have UN Security Council membership: \u201cThe United Nations should be revolutionized, and the veto rights of China, Russia, France and America should be annulled. This no longer corresponds with how we are now living 80 years after the war. If one party doesn\u2019t agree, which will be quite often the case now with Russia, then things aren\u2019t implemented.\u201d Another man noted the \u201cauthenticity and legitimacy\u201d of the UN was undermined when Russia was both invading Ukraine and retaining its permanent seat on the Security Council.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some were also concerned the UN was toothless: \u201cThe problem is that the UN just isn&#8217;t doing anything about climate change because they don&#8217;t want to do anything about it. Because as long as they can make more money, as long as the countries within the UN can make more money, they&#8217;re not going to do anything about it,\u201d said one U.S. man. A British woman questioned any international organization\u2019s ability to counter a country like China: \u201cThey&#8217;re just too big and powerful for any world organization or any country to really tell them what they can and can&#8217;t do.\u201d Still, given the global nature of climate change as a problem, people still felt a desire to work collaboratively \u2013 including through the UN \u2013 mainly calling for more engagement and more <em>efficacy<\/em> rather than going it alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f63f3021ccc5fb541325d17035ac8e8f\" style=\"min-height:500px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dfe5e4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dfe5e4;\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-52010 not-transparent\" alt=\"Berliners and people from all over Germany celebrate on the Berlin Wall on Nov. 11, 1989.\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_photo-5.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\"\/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-30 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-17979c28 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;how-does-history-shape-current-views-of-global-engagement&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ui-white-color has-text-color has-h-1-font-size\" id=\"how-does-history-shape-current-views-of-global-engagement\">How does history shape current views of global engagement?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull captions-hidden has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-515103cf wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70\">Berliners and people from all over Germany celebrate on the Berlin Wall on Nov. 11, 1989. (dpa\/picture-alliance\/dpa\/AP Images)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Younger people are <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2021\/05\/05\/5-national-pride-and-shame\/\">less likely to feel proud of their country<\/a> than older people \u2013 and,&nbsp;especially in the U.S., they are more likely to be ashamed of it than their elders. Part of this relative lack of pride may stem from a different interpretation of their country\u2019s place in the world and its history. Younger Europeans, for example, were much less likely than older ones to say that their culture is superior to others when they were asked in 2016. Similarly, younger Americans are much less likely than older ones to say that the <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2021\/11\/09\/beyond-red-vs-blue-the-political-typology-2\/\">U.S. stands above all other countries<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/?attachment_id=52022\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_0-06.png\" alt=\"Table showing participants feel pride and shame about their country\u2019s respective histories\" style=\"width:420px\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the focus groups, opinions differ over what is pride-inducing and what is shameful in their countries\u2019 histories. But one thing unites the groups: How people understand their country\u2019s past role in the world heavily influences what they think their country should do \u2013 or not do \u2013 when it comes to its current foreign policy.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Left-leaning, internationally engaged participants see a need to actively work overseas because of historical debts \u2013 whether due to empire, past slavery or other factors. Some of the policies they highlight are providing foreign aid because of past interventionism or accepting climate refugees because their countries got rich while polluting heavily. While left-leaning, domestically focused participants often feel a similar moral obligation, they emphasize helping those in their country who are affected by their governments\u2019 past behaviors, such as working on racial justice in the U.S. or bettering the lives of immigrants from former colonies in France and the UK. These left-leaning, domestically focused participants also think that their country\u2019s past behaviors mean that they should <em>not<\/em> be a leader internationally because to do so would be hypocritical. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Right-leaning, internationally engaged participants often note the negative role their country has played in history but want to also emphasize the positive: the development of science and technology, the spread of democracy and more. These people tend to see a global role for their country that stems from points of pride. Right-leaning, domestically focused participants, too, want less of a focus on the negative parts of their history and see the benefits of moving on, being proud and projecting strength. Some even felt that focusing on the negative parts of history could make their country look weaker to adversaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group aligncenter is-style-640-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-views-of-history-vary-across-focus-groups\">How views of history vary across focus groups<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;prc-block-carousel-controller-18&quot;,&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;slideIndex&quot;:0,&quot;count&quot;:4,&quot;viewType&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;enableRewind&quot;:true,&quot;slides&quot;:[{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 1&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-19&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 2&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:1,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-20&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 3&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:2,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-21&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Go to slide 4&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:3,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-22&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}\" data-wp-class--is-enabled=\"context.enabled\" data-wp-class--is-selected=\"context.isSelected\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onInit\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller\" data-wp-on--mouseenter=\"callbacks.onMouseEnter\" data-wp-on--mouseleave=\"callbacks.onMouseLeave\" data-wp-on-document--scroll=\"callbacks.onCoverScroll\" data-wp-watch--cover-final-side-disable=\"callbacks.onCoverFinalSideDisable\" id=\"prc-block-carousel-controller-18\" style=\"--prc-carousel-controller-dot-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black);--prc-carousel-controller-arrow-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black);\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-controller has-arrows-medium has-dots-small has-dot-color has-arrow-color\"><div class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__track\"><div class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__track__inner\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-19&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:0,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-19\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon1.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52045\" style=\"width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Left<strong>-leaning,<\/strong> internationally engaged<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position:<\/strong> We should be actively working overseas because we have a historical debt we need to repay to countries we have wronged before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-640-wide has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4ee9e773 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_LL_IE_woman.png?w=50\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52035\" style=\"width:25px;height:25px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cWe have links and responsibilities with certain countries that we\u2019ve colonized.\u201d \u2013 Woman, France<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-20&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:1,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-20\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e0e6e3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon2.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52046 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e0e6e3; width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Left-leaning, domestically focused<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position: <\/strong>We should be embarrassed by our historical role and learn to be less interventionist. We are not a good model for other countries to follow because of our own domestic issues, so to lead internationally would be hypocritical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-640-wide has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4ee9e773 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_LL_DF_woman2.png?w=50\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52032\" style=\"width:25px;height:25px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cThere\u2019s nothing special about the U.S. compared to other countries that makes us better to lead than anybody else \u2026 We need to stop this \u2018we have a moral responsibility to help other countries who aren\u2019t as good as us\u2019 stuff because it doesn\u2019t work out well for the world when we destabilize other countries by passing on democracy.\u201d \u2013 Woman, U.S.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-21&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:2,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-21\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52047\" style=\"width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Right<strong>-leaning,<\/strong> domestically focused<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position:<\/strong> We are overly focused on the negative parts of history. We should move on and focus on improving our country\u2019s future, rather than dwelling on the past.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f8f9f8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_RL_DF_woman.png?w=50\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52039 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f8f9f8; width:25px;height:26px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cIf you took away empire, would we still all have the same technology and income? I don\u2019t think so. It gave a boost to the UK \u2026 I think everybody recognizes how much of an awful thing it was, but the atrocity is that we did it, and there are people that have to accept that we\u2019re able to live the lives we are now because of that.\u201d <em>\u2013<\/em><\/em> <em>Man, UK<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-active=\"state.isActive\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;isActive&quot;:false,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-22&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:3,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" id=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-22\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-e310e333 wp-block-prc-block-carousel-slide-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-container-content-ceb7f5b3 is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ebc5bfba wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ecf0ef\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_quadrant-icon4.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52048 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ecf0ef; width:75px;height:75px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-sans-serif-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Right<strong>-leaning,<\/strong> internationally engaged<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical position:<\/strong> Although our country occasionally played a negative role throughout history, it also has contributed positively, which should not be forgotten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-gray-cool-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-640-wide is-resized disabled-offset-alignment\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_RL_IE_woman-1.png?w=50\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52043\" style=\"width:25px;height:25px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c[Our colonial history] benefits us. If you look at the Commonwealth, it\u2019s actually a political weapon, because other countries don\u2019t have it. You can right the wrongs of colonialism, and you can build and collaborate economically from smaller countries to the UK.\u201d&nbsp;<em>\u2013<\/em> Man, UK<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><button class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow__prev\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToPreviousSlide\" aria-label=\"Previous slide\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__chevron-left\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#chevron-left\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow prc-block-carousel-controller__arrow__next\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToNextSlide\" aria-label=\"Next slide\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__chevron-right\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#chevron-right\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><div class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dots\"><template data-wp-each--dot=\"context.slides\"><button class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><\/template><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 1\" data-slide-index=\"0\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 2\" data-slide-index=\"1\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 3\" data-slide-index=\"2\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><button data-wp-each-child=\"prc-block\/carousel-controller::context.slides\" aria-label=\"Go to slide 4\" data-slide-index=\"3\" class=\"prc-block-carousel-controller__dot\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.goToDot\" data-wp-bind--data-slide-index=\"context.dot.index\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"context.dot.label\" data-wp-bind--data-active=\"callbacks.isDotActive\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__solid icon__circle\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/solid.svg#circle\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/button><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:8px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70;font-size:14px\">Note: The typical position shown here is a simplification of the focus groups and reflects the cross-national themes that came up in each archetypical group.<br>Source: Focus groups conducted Nov. 8 &#8211; Dec. 7, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color-color has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d4dedc\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_left-leaning.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52014 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d4dedc; width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"left-leaning-young-adults-see-a-global-debt-based-on-their-country-s-history\">Left-leaning young adults see a global debt based on their country\u2019s history<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the UK and France, the history of empire and colonialism looms large. People who feel shame about their country\u2019s overseas activities often have a sense of modern-day obligation. As one man stated it, \u201cWe\u2019ve taken plenty from other countries so we should do our bit and give back to the world financially.\u201d Some even highlighted how the UK\u2019s history of pollution during its development is a debt that the UK should now pay back by being a leader in combating global climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cIt shapes modern Britain. You wouldn\u2019t have Afro-Caribbean, Indian or Pakistani people in this country unless it was for colonialism \u2026 So it\u2019s like built into the fabric of this country.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Man, UK, left domestically focused<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In France, left-leaning participants who feel shame about colonialism issued calls for France to take specific actions, such as repatriation of art and culture, reparations and financial aid for the former colonies or improving life for French citizens who emigrated from parts of the former empire. As one woman described it, \u201cAs colonial masters, France has some level of obligation to its colonies after using their lands and people. I believe we must give them some form of compensation and get out of their business.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The importance of stepping back and listening to what the former colonies want, rather than getting involved from a position of \u201cwe know best,\u201d is also salient for left-leaning participants in France and the UK. For example, one British man cautioned that the UK should not \u201cgo out preaching to the world\u201d and should listen rather than moralize, given the country\u2019s \u201chorrible legacy\u201d that is not even fully acknowledged. In France, another man noted that \u201cby asking the countries in question that are still affected today, we can repair what is left to repair.\u201d There is also a particular concern in domestically focused French groups that France is <em>still<\/em> meddling overseas in ways that it should not be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some left-leaning Americans also feel the U.S. should be ashamed about its domestic past and present \u2013 especially related to slavery and modern race relations \u2013 and thus do less overseas. One man said, \u201cI was thinking that because of racial issues at home, it ends up making us look weak and divided globally. Since we have so many ongoing arguments within the U.S., we end up looking weak to other countries because we can\u2019t solve issues within ourselves.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Left-leaning participants also see a moral obligation to get involved internationally on the areas where they are proud of their country, largely centering on issues of infrastructure, health policy, law and culture. In Germany, for example, the sense that Germany was a leader in health and education led some to want to assist overseas: \u201cWhen you do it better than other countries, you can support them.\u201d Some also stressed the ability to serve as a positive role model: \u201cI think our health system could have a very good influence on other countries \u2026 in terms of the health system, we can hold our head a bit higher.\u201d Americans highlighted the country\u2019s history as a leader in science and technology, specifically highlighting how the country did \u2013 and should \u2013 play a role in vaccine manufacturing and distribution to mitigate the COVID-19 crisis. And Britons regularly mentioned the National Health Service as a point of pride and noted that they could contribute globally in the area of health care. In France, the particular emphasis is on French culture, which people often stressed was unique and valuable for the world. For example, left-leaning people noted France\u2019s history of demonstrating for rights and felt France should be a leader internationally in fighting for these same values: \u201cIt\u2019s very much connected to history, we went through a revolution to have more equity between people \u2026 I\u2019m not saying we should impose our values everywhere, but we have defended values that have seemed important to us, and those values should be communicated to countries that need it or aspire to it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"67594e\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_right-leaning.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52016 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #67594e; width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"right-leaning-young-people-want-more-focus-on-the-positives-of-history\">Right-leaning young people want more focus on the positives of history<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But not everyone sees empire in negative terms. For Britons who see the more positive aspects of empire \u2013 e.g., the spread of English, wealth and clout \u2013 there is more of a focus on how its imperial past can <em>positively <\/em>inform the UK\u2019s modern-day behavior. One man noted that Rishi Sunak taking over as prime minister may help to smooth relations between Britain and India. Others cited how the Commonwealth can serve almost as a \u201cpolitical weapon,\u201d uniting countries together and giving the UK particular influence among its democratic allies. Participants also noted how the UK can use its historical relationship with these countries to improve trade relations between former colonies. And the nuance that empire may have been awful, but it brought benefits was shared by some, such as one man who noted: \u201cIf you looked at us as a whole, if you took away empire, would we still all have the same technology and income? I don\u2019t think so at all. It gave a boost to the UK in stuff like that \u2026 I think everybody recognizes how much of an awful thing it was, but the atrocity is that we did it, and I think there are people that have to sometimes accept that we\u2019re able to live the lives we are now because of that as well. So, you have to accept the awful but also the benefits.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cI think our identity politics issues here can be played on and then judged by countries abroad \u2026 it makes us look weak.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Man, U.S., right domestically focused<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And, in right-leaning American groups, shame about America\u2019s history with slavery and racial injustice was less centered around America\u2019s actual racial policies and more that the U.S. <em>looks<\/em> weak because people are <em>overly<\/em> focused on America\u2019s past. One woman summarized it, saying: \u201cI feel that a lot of times the media plays on the race issue \u2026 history is history, you learn from it, we\u2019ve built from it, we\u2019ve moved on \u2026 so I feel like the race thing is so played on by the media and the issue is not as big as it seems.\u201d Another man noted: \u201cIt\u2019s not the legacy of slavery that\u2019s the issue. It\u2019s how we are responding to it now \u2026 I am more ashamed that we still haven\u2019t figured out our differences from stuff we fought a civil war over \u2026 other countries can use that to make us look like we are still thinking about slavery over here and we\u2019re not. We are past that. It can be exploited by other countries.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Right-leaning American groups were also somewhat frustrated that focusing on the flaws of American democracy might mean missing an opportunity to be a leader: \u201cDemocracy is the best system of government we have and we should not be ashamed of that. And it is clearly the system of government that has helped the most people and brought them out of depression.\u201d Still, this was in sharp contrast to left-leaning groups who argued that the U.S. was not a good model for democracy abroad and should not focus on democracy promotion \u2013 or even leading by example \u2013 because, as one man said, \u201cif half the country is going to reject an election and not accept the results, that\u2019s not a good sign of democracy.\u201d Another woman highlighted how Jan. 6 was \u201cembarrassing and frustrating\u201d and clearly signaled that the U.S. could not be an example abroad when the Confederate flag was being paraded around in what should have been one of the most secure buildings in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_all.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52011\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"for-young-germans-the-country-s-world-war-ii-legacy-leads-young-people-toward-international-collaboration-over-pursuing-superpower-status\">For young Germans, the country\u2019s World War II legacy leads young people toward international collaboration over pursuing superpower status<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Germans across the ideological spectrum largely prioritized the same lesson from their history: They need to work collaboratively with other countries, building Germany&#8217;s clout as a diplomatic leader and working through the EU, rather than trying to be a superpower. One man explained it by saying, \u201cThere were two world wars because of too many superpowers on the battlefield. That\u2019s why there were conflicts. In any case, we should involve ourselves a lot more internationally, become much more engaged \u2026\u201d but stop short of doing it alone or acting independently like the U.S. Another woman described Germany as having to \u201creact differently\u201d precisely because of World War II: \u201cOther countries can be very strong and offensive. We have to be more diplomatic because of our past and our history.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cWe are not allowed to and should not have a strong political opinion. So, what remains? Being diplomatic, an arbiter.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Man, Germany, right domestically focused<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Young Germans also bemoan German politicians\u2019 inability to escape the Nazi label, which in turn affects what the country can do. One man highlighted that it would \u201cbe nice if we didn\u2019t have to think of the consequences of every word a politician says. Could this perhaps be associated with something from the past? So, can we tell Israel they are making a mistake without them thinking we are Nazis?\u201d Some even felt that the onus of this historical burden was impeding Germans from feeling pride in or recognizing the accomplishments of their country. \u201cIt\u2019s no question that the Holocaust and the Nazi regime are still our past and we have to deal with it. It influences our foreign policy and how we present ourselves as a nation, whether it\u2019s simple things like national holidays or \u2013 and I sometimes regret this \u2013 the heavy burden we inherited. I feel we\u2019ve lost some of our pride here. Those were dark, dark times but we\u2019ve got a lot of good sides as a country, like how we\u2019ve rebuilt ourselves, what we\u2019ve done \u2026 I think there\u2019s not very much balance.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite the prominent role it plays in shaping how people think Germany should behave internationally, the Holocaust was almost <em>never<\/em> raised as a point of shame in the focus groups without moderator probing. One woman explained that she did not mention it because you \u201ctalk about this at school every year, it\u2019s something that is intertwined with the German identity and always will be \u2026 there\u2019s no need to mention it because we all know it anyway.\u201d Others were frustrated about having to talk about it because they did not \u201cidentify with the events from the past\u201d and thus felt apologies for past generations\u2019 behavior were not their responsibility. Part of these grievances appeared to stem from the ubiquitous examples people cited of having themselves been labeled as Nazis \u2013 often by Americans or when traveling abroad \u2013 or asked demeaning questions like whether they knew Hitler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dc604319bf17ed4ca6c29d3610462068\" style=\"min-height:500px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-52009\" alt=\"Members of the United Kingdom's House of Commons sit in session on April 12, 1986. (Bettmann\/Getty Images)\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_photo-6.jpg\" style=\"object-position:50% 60%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"50% 60%\"\/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-30 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8b2a10fe wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-17979c28 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;what-do-young-people-want-to-see-changed-about-their-country-s-foreign-affairs&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ui-white-color has-text-color has-h-1-font-size\" id=\"what-do-young-people-want-to-see-changed-about-their-country-s-foreign-affairs\">What do young people want to see changed about their country\u2019s foreign affairs?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull captions-hidden has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-515103cf wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70\">Members of the United Kingdom&#8217;s House of Commons sit in session on April 12, 1986. (Bettmann\/Getty Images)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although young people were concerned about different aspects of their current foreign policy in each country and group, the solutions they proposed were broadly comparable. In particular, young people highlight the need for greater action on climate change; politicians taking stronger positions, more generally; and more transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_all.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52011\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"more-action-on-climate-change-is-seen-as-a-key-policy-change-for-most-young-adults\">More action on climate change is seen as a key policy change for most young adults<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Young people see climate change as a <em>global<\/em> issue requiring <em>global<\/em> solutions and <em>global<\/em> solidarity, and especially want their governments to press other countries to comply. As one French woman put it, \u201ceven if we make efforts to combat global climate change, compared to the United States, China and Brazil, we are no match.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cClimate change is very important. All countries in the world must contribute to climate protection because it concerns us all. We need to be more proactive.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Woman, Germany, left domestically focused<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They also seek greater accountability from world leaders, who they sometimes see as more concerned with maintaining the <em>perception<\/em> of action than real solutions. A UK woman opined, \u201cIt seems at these COP things, everyone flies in on their private jet, they say a lot of crap and then there\u2019s not that much action from half the countries.\u201d A man in the same group agreed, \u201cThey\u2019re there for the pictures.\u201d A German man even highlighted the hypocrisy of world leaders jetting off to Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, to attend <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/cop27\">COP27<\/a> while implementing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.berlin.de\/sen\/uvk\/en\/environment\/air\/low-emission-zone\/vehicle-sticker\/\">low-emissions zones for vehicles<\/a> in cities across the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_all.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52011\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"young-people-want-politicians-to-take-clearer-stands-and-act-more-decisively\">Young people want politicians to take clearer stands and act more decisively<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Germany, there was a great deal of embarrassment about Germany\u2019s slow response to Ukraine. One man noted: \u201cIt took Germany so long\u201d to involve themselves, adding, \u201cI\u2019m sure the people in a French or English focus group would not answer that they were so slow.\u201d Others were embarrassed about <em>how<\/em> Germany responded \u2013 and particularly the decision to send <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/01\/27\/world\/europe\/germany-5000-helmets-ukraine.html\">5,000 helmets<\/a>, many of which the participants deemed less than adequate. One man jested, \u201cI think it\u2019s good that they\u2019re doing something, but what they\u2019re doing is just embarrassing, supplying cheap helmets \u2026 should we send them some damaged tanks too?\u201d (The groups were conducted before the German <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/germany-send-leopard-tanks-ukraine-russia-war-rheinmetall\/\">decision to send Leopard tanks<\/a> to Ukraine.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cBeing more clear-cut in our choices \u2026 being more coherent, as best we can, because I do understand it\u2019s very complicated. But more coherence, a clearer line.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Woman, France, left internationally engaged<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">French participants, for their part, often highlight Macron\u2019s trips abroad as lacking subsequent policy action. One French woman observed, \u201cMacron has this position of \u2018I have to be present,<em>\u2019<\/em>\u201d but also offered the caveat that \u201che doesn\u2019t quite go all the way.\u201d Britons, for their part, largely felt that the UK <em>lacked<\/em> a foreign policy because of their own domestic turmoil: When asked whether foreign policy was on the right or wrong track, people sarcastically declared that with three prime ministers in as many months, there was <em>no<\/em> track.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Young people particularly highlighted the ability to act firmly and decisively when it comes to human rights globally. In the U.S., this was of particular concern for internationally engaged Americans who saw protection of human rights globally as an American responsibility. In Germany, one man urged his government to \u201cmake a statement when it comes to \u2026 the violation of human rights \u2026 there need to be clear statements and high ethical and moral standards.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">People on the left and right both focused on the need for new blood in leadership. Participants were concerned that the void of youth in government means their concerns are not adequately addressed. One German man summarized this position: \u201cPoliticians are too old \u2026 we need younger politicians \u2026 because the consequences of current issues will be our problem one day. It is important our generation has a say.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/PG_2023.03.08_Young-People_all.png?w=352\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52011\" style=\"width:176px;height:68px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"young-people-desire-greater-transparency-in-their-countries-global-affairs\">Young people desire greater transparency in their countries\u2019 global affairs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some feel distant from their country\u2019s dealings in international organizations. In France, for example, one internationally engaged man noted: \u201cCommunication is often on an EU level, and so we don\u2019t have enough visibility on what France brings to this institution.\u201d In a discussion of the UN, one British woman worried that the organization\u2019s decision-making took issues \u201ca bit too far from home,\u201d and that she didn\u2019t have a sense of knowing who was behind decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignright is-style-420-wide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cA lot of our spending and taxpayer money is spent overseas with very little oversight.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>Man, U.S., right domestically focused<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For some, this means clarity from leaders about basic policy actions their government is taking. As one man in the UK put it, this means \u201ctransparency as to what we\u2019re actually doing and where it is going and what our goals are.\u201d A French woman concurred, imploring French policymakers to \u201csay clearly what they think, because there\u2019s a gap between their discourse and their acts.\u201d These calls were particularly acute in the right-leaning groups, and among domestically focused participants who see foreign policy as a few steps removed from the democratic process and domestic priorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Young people\u2019s calls for transparency also include financial transparency, especially when public funds are involved. Aid to Ukraine amid the Russian invasion was frequently cited as an opportunity for healthy scrutiny, even among those who agreed the benefits of aiding Ukraine was worth the costs. This perceived lack of financial transparency often reinforced domestically focused conservatives\u2019 skepticism of international organizations. A man in the UK likened his government\u2019s financial support of international organizations to a charity pot taxpayers pay into. However, he took issue saying, \u201cYou just hear that it\u2019s being used for something good\u201d and that voters are supposed to trust it is being distributed benevolently. In the U.S., one man declared that with \u201cOrganizations like NATO and stuff like that \u2026 my tendency is to feel like there is a lot of money going into this place. Where is it all going to? And it\u2019s not like anything is happening.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Young people also want government to be transparent about their foreign policy wins, even saying they should be celebrated more publicly. A German participant claimed, \u201cMany things that are successful \u2026 don\u2019t get a lot of publicity,\u201d and further theorized that more exposure of wins could combat skepticism of global institutions and prevent another Brexit-style retreat from global cooperation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;about-this-essay&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-h-1-font-size\" id=\"about-this-essay\">About this essay<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This essay was made possible by The Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder. It is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/03\/08\/young-people-focus-groups-acknowledgments\/\">number of individuals and experts<\/a> at Pew Research Center. This cross-national, comparative qualitative research project was designed to explore young adults\u2019 attitudes about foreign policy and how they want their country to engage globally. Analysis is based on the 16 focus groups conducted across France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States in the fall of 2022. Here is <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2023\/03\/08\/young-people-focus-groups-methodology\/\">more information about the groups and analysis<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Lede photo: (Alain Pitton\/NurPhoto via Getty Images)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-prc-platform-feature-loader\" id=\"js-young-people\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Though younger people tend to be more internationally oriented than older adults, they differ from one another over how they want their country to engage with the world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":578,"featured_media":197366,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"layout-essay-no-breadcrumbs","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"Focus group findings from France, Germany, the UK and the U.S.","sub_title":"Focus group findings from France, Germany, the UK and the 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