{"id":28388,"date":"2020-11-17T09:57:10","date_gmt":"2020-11-17T14:57:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2020\/11\/17\/member-nations-had-broadly-favorable-views-of-the-eu\/"},"modified":"2024-07-03T14:29:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T18:29:25","slug":"member-nations-had-broadly-favorable-views-of-the-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/member-nations-had-broadly-favorable-views-of-the-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Member nations had broadly favorable views of the EU"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/majorities-in-the-european-union-have-favorable-views-of-the-bloc\/pg_2020-11-17_eu_1-01\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48349\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d0d5cc\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d0d5cc;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"1124\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-01.png?resize=480,870 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-01.png?resize=620,1124 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" class=\"wp-image-36524 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-01.png?w=310\" alt=\"Majorities of EU countries and UK had a favorable view of EU in summer 2020\" ><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The European Union was seen more favorably than not across each of the eight EU member countries surveyed this summer. A median of 66% across these countries expressed a positive opinion, with positive ratings ranging from a low of 58% in Italy to a high of 73% in Germany \u2013 that nation\u2019s most positive assessment of the EU since the question was first posed in 2004.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While their country is <a href=\"https:\/\/commonslibrary.parliament.uk\/research-briefings\/cbp-7960\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no longer<\/a> a member of the economic and political union, 60% of Britons viewed the EU favorably, compared with 37% who had a negative view. In the UK, too, this was the most positive assessment of the organization over the 16 years Pew Research Center has polled Britons on the topic.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Outside of the record highs recorded in Germany and the UK, positive views of the EU increased substantially in France, from 51% in 2019 to 61% this year. Elsewhere, views have largely held steady. Only in Sweden did EU favorability decline, from 72% in 2019 to 66% this year.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/majorities-in-the-european-union-have-favorable-views-of-the-bloc\/pg_2020-11-17_eu_1-02\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48350\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eeefee\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eeefee;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"732\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-02.png?resize=480,275 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-02.png?resize=782,447 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-02.png?resize=960,549 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-02.png?resize=1200,686 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-02.png?resize=1280,732 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" class=\"wp-image-36489 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-02.png?w=640\" alt=\"Positive views of EU over time\" ><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/majorities-in-the-european-union-have-favorable-views-of-the-bloc\/pg_2020-11-17_eu_1-03\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48351\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f2f0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f2f0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"824\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-03.png?resize=480,471 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-03.png?resize=782,767 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-03.png?resize=840,824 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" class=\"wp-image-36530 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-03.png?w=420\" alt=\"Younger Europeans tended to have more positive views of EU\" ><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across most of the EU countries surveyed, those ages 18 to 29 were more likely to hold favorable views of the EU than those 50 and older. For example, 80% of Dutch adults under 30 had a positive view of the organization, compared with 62% of their older counterparts.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The largest age difference in views of the EU comes from outside the bloc: Younger Britons were 22 percentage points more likely to have a favorable view of the EU than those ages 50 and older.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In most European countries, those with more education were more likely to hold a favorable view of the EU than those with less education.[1. For the purpose of comparing educational groups across countries, education levels are standardized based on the UN\u2019s International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). The \u201cless education\u201d category is secondary education or below and the \u201cmore education\u201d category is postsecondary or above in all countries.] In Denmark, for example, 81% of those with a postsecondary education or more had a positive view of the EU, compared with 66% of those with a secondary education or less. In the UK, those with more education were 21 percentage points more likely to have a favorable view of the EU than those with less education.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/majorities-in-the-european-union-have-favorable-views-of-the-bloc\/pg_2020-11-17_eu_1-04\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48352\"><img data-dominant-color=\"efefed\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #efefed;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"824\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-04.png?resize=480,309 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-04.png?resize=782,503 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-04.png?resize=960,618 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-04.png?resize=1200,773 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-04.png?resize=1280,824 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" class=\"wp-image-36533 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-04.png?w=640\" alt=\"Europeans with more education, those on the ideological left tended to have more positive views of the EU\" ><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In several countries, those who placed themselves on the ideological left were also more favorable toward the EU than those on the right. In Italy, for example, those on the left were 20 points more likely to express a favorable view of the EU than those on the right.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/majorities-in-the-european-union-have-favorable-views-of-the-bloc\/pg_2020-11-17_eu_1-05\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48353\"><img data-dominant-color=\"c6cdc9\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #c6cdc9;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"1590\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-05.png?resize=480,909 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-05.png?resize=782,1480 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-05.png?resize=840,1590 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" class=\"wp-image-36536 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_1-05.png?w=420\" alt=\"Supporters of right-wing populist parties less likely to have positive view of EU\" ><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Europeans who held favorable views of right-wing populist parties were less likely to have a positive opinion of the EU than those who held unfavorable views. (For more information on European populist parties, see <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/eu-2020-appendix-a-classifying-european-political-parties\/\">Appendix A<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Sweden, those who supported the right-wing Sweden Democrats were 30 percentage points <em>less<\/em> likely to have a favorable view of the EU than those who did not support the Sweden Democrats. Double-digit differences in EU favorability were present between supporters and nonsupporters of nearly every right-wing populist party included in the survey.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Only in Spain were those with a favorable view of the right-wing Vox party <em>more<\/em> likely to have a favorable opinion of the EU than those with an unfavorable view of the party.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Supporters of the left-wing Podemos in Spain and the centrist Five Star Movement in Italy were also more likely to have a favorable view of the EU than nonsupporters.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The European Union was seen more favorably than not across each of the eight EU member countries surveyed this summer. A median of 66% across these countries expressed a positive opinion, with positive ratings ranging from a low of 58% in Italy to a high of 73% in Germany \u2013 that nation\u2019s most positive assessment [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":578,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[69,448,121,439,88,82,115],"tags":[],"bylines":[954,849,734],"collection":[],"datasets":[1010],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[525],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-28388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-angela-merkel","category-coronavirus-disease-covid-19","category-european-union","category-global-health","category-leaders","category-non-us-governments","category-world-leaders","bylines-laura-silver","bylines-moira-fagan","bylines-nicholas-kent","datasets-summer-2020-survey-data","formats-report","research-teams-global"],"label":false,"post_parent":28399,"word_count":555,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/member-nations-had-broadly-favorable-views-of-the-eu\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":"36478","rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_featured.jpg","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_featured.jpg?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":"36478","rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_featured.jpg","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_featured.jpg?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":"36478","rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_featured.jpg","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_featured.jpg?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":"36478","rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_featured.jpg","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_featured.jpg?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":"36478","rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_featured.jpg","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_featured.jpg?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"chartArt":false},"social":{"id":"36478","rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_featured.jpg","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_featured.jpg?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":28399,"title":"Majorities in the European Union Have Favorable Views of the Bloc","slug":"majorities-in-the-european-union-have-favorable-views-of-the-bloc","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/majorities-in-the-european-union-have-favorable-views-of-the-bloc\/","is_active":false},{"id":28388,"title":"1. Member nations had broadly favorable views of the EU","slug":"member-nations-had-broadly-favorable-views-of-the-eu","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/member-nations-had-broadly-favorable-views-of-the-eu\/","is_active":true},{"id":28378,"title":"2. Before the fall resurgence, most Europeans approved of EU\u2019s COVID-19 response","slug":"before-the-fall-resurgence-most-europeans-approved-of-eus-covid-19-response","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/before-the-fall-resurgence-most-europeans-approved-of-eus-covid-19-response\/","is_active":false},{"id":28368,"title":"3. Many in Europe were confident in Merkel and Macron over the summer; Johnson received mixed ratings","slug":"many-in-europe-were-confident-in-merkel-and-macron-over-the-summer-johnson-received-mixed-ratings","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/many-in-europe-were-confident-in-merkel-and-macron-over-the-summer-johnson-received-mixed-ratings\/","is_active":false},{"id":28357,"title":"4. Views of many European political parties improved against backdrop of COVID-19","slug":"views-of-many-european-political-parties-improved-against-backdrop-of-covid-19","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/views-of-many-european-political-parties-improved-against-backdrop-of-covid-19\/","is_active":false},{"id":28338,"title":"5. Attitudes toward the EU and European leaders from outside the region","slug":"attitudes-toward-the-eu-and-european-leaders-from-outside-the-region","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/attitudes-toward-the-eu-and-european-leaders-from-outside-the-region\/","is_active":false},{"id":28348,"title":"Appendix A: Classifying European political parties","slug":"eu-2020-appendix-a-classifying-european-political-parties","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/eu-2020-appendix-a-classifying-european-political-parties\/","is_active":false},{"id":28331,"title":"Appendix B: Political categorization","slug":"eu-2020-appendix-b-political-categorization","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/eu-2020-appendix-b-political-categorization\/","is_active":false},{"id":28282,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"eu-2020-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/eu-2020-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false},{"id":28325,"title":"Methodology","slug":"eu-2020-methodology","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/eu-2020-methodology\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"c0891e36-65a0-4551-a506-219a94fcb117","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_FINAL.pdf","label":"","icon":"","attachmentId":""},{"key":"fec328c5-a375-4042-89de-e796a8ab1f3f","type":"topline","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/PG_2020.11.17_EU_TOPLINE.pdf","label":"","icon":"","attachmentId":""},{"key":"6b2f2377-2cb5-48c7-8dad-fd01288307ed","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/une-majorite-des-citoyens-dans-lunion-europeenne-ont-une-opinion-favorable-de-lue\/","label":"Summary of findings: (French | Fran\u00e7ais)","icon":"supplemental","attachmentId":""},{"key":"fe3431e8-5a44-4a77-978e-954cbd1debc2","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/mehrheit-in-der-europaischen-union-hat-eine-positive-meinung-von-der-eu\/","label":"Summary of findings: (German | Deutsch)","icon":"supplemental","attachmentId":""},{"key":"34c87a7e-edb8-4b22-b9bf-aa823411ba79","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/la-mayoria-de-la-poblacion-de-la-union-europea-ue-tiene-una-opinion-favorable-sobre-la-ue\/","label":"Summary of findings: (Spanish | Espa\u00f1ol)","icon":"supplemental","attachmentId":""},{"key":"6f944225-cce7-478a-a30a-16e9585b48d3","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/le-maggioranze-nellunione-europea-hanno-unopinione-favorevole-dei-paesi-del-blocco\/","label":"Summary of findings: (Italian | Italiano)","icon":"supplemental","attachmentId":""},{"type":"dataset","id":1010,"label":"Summer 2020 Survey Data","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/dataset\/summer-2020-survey-data\/"}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":28388,"title":"1. Member nations had broadly favorable views of the EU","slug":"member-nations-had-broadly-favorable-views-of-the-eu","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/member-nations-had-broadly-favorable-views-of-the-eu\/","is_active":true,"page_num":2},"next_post":{"id":28378,"title":"2. Before the fall resurgence, most Europeans approved of EU\u2019s COVID-19 response","slug":"before-the-fall-resurgence-most-europeans-approved-of-eus-covid-19-response","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/before-the-fall-resurgence-most-europeans-approved-of-eus-covid-19-response\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},"previous_post":{"id":28399,"title":"Majorities in the European Union Have Favorable Views of the Bloc","slug":"majorities-in-the-european-union-have-favorable-views-of-the-bloc","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/majorities-in-the-european-union-have-favorable-views-of-the-bloc\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},"pagination_items":[{"id":28399,"title":"Majorities in the European Union Have Favorable Views of the Bloc","slug":"majorities-in-the-european-union-have-favorable-views-of-the-bloc","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/majorities-in-the-european-union-have-favorable-views-of-the-bloc\/","is_active":false,"page_num":1},{"id":28388,"title":"1. Member nations had broadly favorable views of the EU","slug":"member-nations-had-broadly-favorable-views-of-the-eu","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/member-nations-had-broadly-favorable-views-of-the-eu\/","is_active":true,"page_num":2},{"id":28378,"title":"2. Before the fall resurgence, most Europeans approved of EU\u2019s COVID-19 response","slug":"before-the-fall-resurgence-most-europeans-approved-of-eus-covid-19-response","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/before-the-fall-resurgence-most-europeans-approved-of-eus-covid-19-response\/","is_active":false,"page_num":3},{"id":28368,"title":"3. Many in Europe were confident in Merkel and Macron over the summer; Johnson received mixed ratings","slug":"many-in-europe-were-confident-in-merkel-and-macron-over-the-summer-johnson-received-mixed-ratings","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/many-in-europe-were-confident-in-merkel-and-macron-over-the-summer-johnson-received-mixed-ratings\/","is_active":false,"page_num":4},{"id":28357,"title":"4. Views of many European political parties improved against backdrop of COVID-19","slug":"views-of-many-european-political-parties-improved-against-backdrop-of-covid-19","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/views-of-many-european-political-parties-improved-against-backdrop-of-covid-19\/","is_active":false,"page_num":5},{"id":28338,"title":"5. Attitudes toward the EU and European leaders from outside the region","slug":"attitudes-toward-the-eu-and-european-leaders-from-outside-the-region","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/attitudes-toward-the-eu-and-european-leaders-from-outside-the-region\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},{"id":28348,"title":"Appendix A: Classifying European political parties","slug":"eu-2020-appendix-a-classifying-european-political-parties","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/eu-2020-appendix-a-classifying-european-political-parties\/","is_active":false,"page_num":7},{"id":28331,"title":"Appendix B: Political categorization","slug":"eu-2020-appendix-b-political-categorization","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/eu-2020-appendix-b-political-categorization\/","is_active":false,"page_num":8},{"id":28282,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"eu-2020-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/eu-2020-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"page_num":9},{"id":28325,"title":"Methodology","slug":"eu-2020-methodology","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2020\/11\/17\/eu-2020-methodology\/","is_active":false,"page_num":10}]},"parent_info":{"parent_title":"Majorities in the European Union Have Favorable Views of the Bloc","parent_id":28399},"materialsOrdered":[],"chaptersOrdered":[],"partsOrdered":[],"partsEnabled":false,"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"European Union member nations had broadly favorable views of the EU","description":"The European Union was seen more favorably than not across each of the eight EU member countries surveyed this summer. 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