{"id":71232,"date":"2019-07-15T16:57:04","date_gmt":"2019-07-15T21:57:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2019\/07\/15\/number-of-countries-with-very-high-government-restrictions-on-religion-remains-at-highest-levels-since-2007\/"},"modified":"2024-07-05T14:07:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-05T18:07:34","slug":"number-of-countries-with-very-high-government-restrictions-on-religion-remains-at-highest-levels-since-2007","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2019\/07\/15\/number-of-countries-with-very-high-government-restrictions-on-religion-remains-at-highest-levels-since-2007\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Number of countries with \u2018very high\u2019 government restrictions on religion remains at highest levels since 2007"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a>Countries with the most extensive government restrictions on religion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"Countries<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

While most countries have some form of government restrictions involving religion, some countries stand out each year by having particularly high levels of these restrictions. This subset of states may have some similarities with countries in the lower categories of restrictions \u2013 for example, both may limit religious activities like worship or public preaching, harass religious groups, or have a religion they favor over others \u2013 but the countries with higher levels of restrictions either have a wider variety of government restrictions, or they implement them more severely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2017, 27 of the 198 countries in this study had \u201cvery high\u201d levels of government restrictions on religion, an increase from 25 countries in 2016.[85. numoffset=”85″ Countries with a \u201cvery high\u201d level of government restrictions had the maximum score on at least 14 of the 20 questions that make up the Government Restrictions Index. See Methodology<\/a> for details.] This marks the third straight year of increases; 27 is the largest number of countries to fall in this top category of restrictions since Pew Research Center began analyzing restrictions on religion in 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Four countries \u2013 Comoros, Pakistan, Sudan and Vietnam \u2013 had increased levels of government restrictions in 2017 that led them to join the \u201cvery high\u201d category. This is Comoros\u2019 first time in this top category: Comoros\u2019 increase in score (from 6.3 in 2016 to 7.4 in 2017) was due in part to statements by the country\u2019s leadership targeting Shiite Muslims in the country. During a speech in July 2017, President Azali Assoumani compared Shia Islam to \u201cfringe extremist sects\u201d and asserted that the practice of religions other than Shafi\u2019i Sunni Islam would not be tolerated. And in September, one of the country\u2019s three vice presidents vowed to \u201ccompletely eradicate Shiism from the country.\u201d[86. U.S. Department of State. May 29, 2018. \u201cComoros<\/a>.\u201d International Religious Freedom Report for 2017.] Pakistan, Sudan and Vietnam have been in this top category multiple times in previous years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Two countries or territories \u2013 Iraq and Western Sahara \u2013 fell out of the \u201cvery high\u201d category (although both maintained \u201chigh\u201d levels of government restrictions). Both had small score decreases of less than 1.0 point in 2017. For a complete list of all countries in each category, see the Government Restrictions Index table in Appendix A<\/a>.[87. To see index-score thresholds for the very high, high, moderate and low categories, see Methodology<\/a>.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries with the most extensive social hostilities involving religion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"Countries<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Similarly, each year some countries stand out for having the highest levels of social hostilities involving religion. These hostilities can include violence by individuals or social groups targeting religious groups or enforcing religious norms, religiously motivated terrorism, or sectarian and communal violence (see Overview<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2017, 10 of the 198 countries in this study fell into the top category of \u201cvery high\u201d levels of social hostilities involving religion. This marks an increase from nine countries in 2016, and reverses the decrease seen from 2015 to 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Three countries \u2013 Central African Republic, Pakistan and Yemen \u2013 had scores that caused them to rise into the \u201cvery high\u201d category in 2017, although each had small increases of less than 1.0 point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, the Palestinian territories and Russia fell out of this top category in 2017, with score decreases that put them in the \u201chigh\u201d category instead. In Russia, there were fewer reports of sectarian violence and violence targeting members of religious groups than in 2016. And in the Palestinian territories, there were no reported incidents of hostility over conversion (in contrast with previous years), and, similar to Russia, fewer incidents of violence targeting religious groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For a complete list of all countries in each category, see the Social Hostilities Index table in Appendix B<\/a>.[88. To see index-score thresholds for the very high, high, moderate and low categories, see Methodology<\/a>.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Changes in government restrictions on religion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"Identical<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some countries experience changes in their level of government restrictions that do not put them in the \u201cvery high\u201d category but are nonetheless substantial. For this reason, Pew Research Center analyzes the magnitude of changes across all countries and categories to provide greater insight into the ways government actions and policies can have an especially large impact on religious restrictions each year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2017, an equal number of countries (67) had increases and decreases in their scores on the Government Restrictions Index (GRI), and nearly the same number of countries (64) had no change in score from 2016 to 2017. This is the first year since Pew Research Center began analyzing restrictions on religion in 2007 that increases in GRI scores have matched decreases. In 2016 and 2015, the number of countries with increases in GRI scores was about double the number with decreases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unlike 2016, when Gambia was the only country to experience a large increase (2.0 points or more) in its GRI score, it was the only country to see a large decrease <\/i>in score in 2017. This reversal was due in part to President Adama Barrow\u2019s announcement that Gambia would become a secular republic once again, in accordance with its constitution. In late 2015, former President Yahya Jammeh had proclaimed Gambia an Islamic state.[89. U.S. Department of State. May 29, 2018. \u201cGambia<\/a>.\u201d International Religious Freedom Report for 2017.] No countries had large increases in GRI scores in 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fourteen countries saw modest changes (1.0 to 1.9 points) in their GRI scores, with nine of those countries registering increases and five having decreases. One of the increases occurred in the Netherlands, where religious leaders reported that religious organizations had been barred from proselytizing at asylum centers.[90. U.S. Department of State. May 29, 2018. \u201cNetherlands<\/a>.\u201d International Religious Freedom Report for 2017.] And in the Republic of the Congo, which had a decrease in its GRI score, there were fewer reported incidents of government harassment in 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most countries (119 out of 198) experienced only small changes (less than 1.0 point) in their GRI scores. Nearly equal numbers had increases (58) and decreases (61).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Changes in social hostilities involving religion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"More<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In 2017, 66 countries experienced increases in their Social Hostilities Index (SHI) scores and 75 countries experienced decreases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mali was the only country in 2017 to experience a large change (2.0 points or more) in social hostilities, rising from the \u201cmoderate\u201d category to the \u201chigh\u201d category. Some of this increase was due to several incidents of religious groups attempting to prevent other religious groups from operating. For example, the Malian Episcopal Conference reported multiple incidents of harassment, including in August, when suspected members of a militant Islamist group forced Christians to remove the bell from their church.[91. U.S. Department of State. May 29, 2018. \u201cMali<\/a>.\u201d International Religious Freedom Report for 2017.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thirty-two countries registered modest changes in SHI scores (1.0 to 1.9 points), including 16 increases and the same number of decreases. In Bulgaria, where social hostilities involving religion were on the rise, physical assaults against Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses and Latter-day Saints (also known as Mormons) continued, and there were additional reports of attacks on Muslims in 2017. For example, in June, a Muslim cleric\u2019s wife (who was wearing a head scarf) and daughters were physically and verbally attacked by two teenage girls in a supermarket parking lot. In addition, Protestant pastors reported being harassed by Orthodox Christian priests, unlike in the previous year.[92. U.S. Department of State. May 29, 2018. \u201cBulgaria<\/a>.\u201d International Religious Freedom Report for 2017. See also U.S. Department of State. May 29, 2017. \u201cBulgaria<\/a>.\u201d International Religious Freedom Report for 2016.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Out of the 198 countries in the study, 108 experienced small changes in their SHI scores (0.1 to 0.9 points) \u2013 49 with increases and 59 with decreases. There was no change in SHI score in 57 countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Changes in overall restrictions on religion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"Overall<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Looking at changes in overall restrictions (including both government restrictions and social hostilities involving religion) can provide a more complete picture of religious restrictions in a country. In 2017, a similar number of countries had increases in overall scores (85 countries) and decreases (87). Most of these countries had small changes in their scores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Among the countries with increases, 67 had small increases and 17 had modest increases. Only one country (Mali) had a large increase in its overall score. Similarly, within the countries that had decreases, most (68) had small decreases and fewer (18) had modest decreases. And only one country, Gambia, had a large decrease in its overall score.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Twenty-six countries had no change in their overall scores between 2016 and 2017.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Countries with the most extensive government restrictions on religion While most countries have some form of government restrictions involving religion, some countries stand out each year by having particularly high levels of these restrictions. This subset of states may have some similarities with countries in the lower categories of restrictions \u2013 for example, both may […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":367,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":false,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"bylines":[],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[517],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-71232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","formats-report","research-teams-religion"],"label":false,"post_parent":71276,"word_count":1333,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2019\/07\/15\/number-of-countries-with-very-high-government-restrictions-on-religion-remains-at-highest-levels-since-2007\/","art_direction":false,"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":71276,"title":"A Closer Look at How Religious Restrictions Have Risen Around the World","slug":"a-closer-look-at-how-religious-restrictions-have-risen-around-the-world","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2019\/07\/15\/a-closer-look-at-how-religious-restrictions-have-risen-around-the-world\/","is_active":false},{"id":71232,"title":"1. 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