{"id":87596,"date":"2022-06-14T10:51:07","date_gmt":"2022-06-14T15:51:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-highly-concerned-about-misinformation-future-of-press-freedoms\/"},"modified":"2026-07-09T15:05:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-09T19:05:00","slug":"journalists-highly-concerned-about-misinformation-future-of-press-freedoms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-highly-concerned-about-misinformation-future-of-press-freedoms\/","title":{"rendered":"2. Journalists highly concerned about misinformation, future of press freedoms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amid <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/how-to-combat-fake-news-and-disinformation\/\">efforts to fight false and made-up information<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/lifestyle\/media\/a-history-of-the-trump-war-on-media--the-obsession-not-even-coronavirus-could-stop\/2020\/03\/28\/71bb21d0-f433-11e9-8cf0-4cc99f74d127_story.html\">anti-media campaigns<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/02\/06\/business\/media\/conservative-media-defamation-lawsuits.html\">increased lawsuits<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/media\/2022\/may\/03\/record-28-countries-rated-very-bad-in-press-freedom-index\">global news crackdowns<\/a>, journalists in the United States express great concern about the future of press freedoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-highly-concerned-about-misinformation-future-of-press-freedoms\/pj_2022-06-14_journalist-survey_2-01\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e4dfe0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"498\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-01-1.png?resize=480,285 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-01-1.png?resize=782,464 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-01-1.png?resize=840,498 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-01-1.png\" alt=\"Bar chart showing most journalists are highly concerned about possible restrictions on press freedom\" class=\"wp-image-182107 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e4dfe0; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roughly six-in-ten journalists surveyed say they are either extremely (33%) or very concerned (24%) about potential restrictions on press freedoms in the U.S. About a quarter (23%) are somewhat concerned, while just one-in-five express low levels of concern about this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;journalists-see-false-and-made-up-news-as-a-big-problem-and-don-t-have-much-confidence-in-how-the-industry-handles-it&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"journalists-see-false-and-made-up-news-as-a-big-problem-and-don-t-have-much-confidence-in-how-the-industry-handles-it\">Journalists see false and made-up news as a big problem and don\u2019t have much confidence in how the industry handles it<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-highly-concerned-about-misinformation-future-of-press-freedoms\/pj_2022-06-14_journalist-survey_2-02\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e2dadc\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"602\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-02-1.png?resize=480,344 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-02-1.png?resize=782,560 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-02-1.png?resize=840,602 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-02-1.png\" alt=\"Bar chart showing journalists much more likely than the American public to see made-up news as a major concern\" class=\"wp-image-182106 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e2dadc; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another area of concern for journalists is the volume of erroneous information today. More than nine-in-ten journalists surveyed (94%) say made-up news and information is a significant problem in America today, with 71% identifying it as a very big problem and 23% seeing it as a moderately big problem; 6% say it is a small problem or not a problem at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The American public also sees made-up news and information as a problem, but not quite to the same extent. In a separate survey of 10,441 U.S. adults conducted March 7-13, 2022, 50% say made-up news is a very big problem (21 percentage points below journalists), while another 34% say it is a moderately big problem and 16% say it is a small problem or not a problem at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Misinformation is a fairly regular topic of conversation within the newsroom itself. About six-in-ten journalists (58%) say they had conversations with colleagues about misinformation at least several times a month over the past year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-highly-concerned-about-misinformation-future-of-press-freedoms\/pj_2022-06-14_journalist-survey_2-03\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e9e3e4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"756\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-03-1.png?resize=480,432 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-03-1.png?resize=782,704 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-03-1.png?resize=840,756 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-03-1.png\" alt=\"Bar chart showing most journalists come across made-up information when working on story and are confident they can recognize it\" class=\"wp-image-182105 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e9e3e4; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey also finds that one-third of journalists indicate that they deal with false or made-up news in their work on a fairly regular basis \u2013 saying that they come across false information when working on a story either extremely often (8%) or fairly often (24%). Another 44% say they sometimes come across it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About seven-in-ten journalists (71%) say they are either extremely (21%) or very confident (49%) in their ability to recognize false information when they are working on a story.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, specifically among reporting journalists, about a quarter (26%) say they unknowingly reported on a story that was later found to contain false information. (Reporting journalists are those who indicated in the survey that they report, edit or create original news stories <em>and<\/em> that they have one of the following job titles: reporter, columnist, writer, correspondent, photojournalist, video journalist, data visualization journalist, host, anchor, commentator or blogger. About three-quarters of all journalists in this study \u2013 76% \u2013 are reporting journalists.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the journalists surveyed here may feel good about their own ability to detect misinformation, they are not particularly confident in the industry\u2019s ability to manage or correct it. Only 8% of all journalists surveyed say news organizations do a very good job at handling misinformation, while another 35% say news outlets are somewhat good at it \u2013 lower than the ratings journalists give news organizations on several other core functions (<a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-and-the-public-differ-on-how-journalists-are-doing-how-connected-they-are\/\">see Chapter 4<\/a>).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And most say their news organization (or the main one they work for if they work for more than one) does <em>not<\/em> have formal guidance on how to handle made-up and false information in their jobs. Six-in-ten say their organization does not have guidelines for how to handle false and made-up information that they come across, far higher than the 36% who say their organization does.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;most-journalists-think-it-is-important-to-report-on-the-false-statements-of-public-figures&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"most-journalists-think-it-is-important-to-report-on-the-false-statements-of-public-figures\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Most journalists think it is important to report on the false statements of public figures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-highly-concerned-about-misinformation-future-of-press-freedoms\/pj_2022-06-14_journalist-survey_2-04\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d8cec8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"906\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-04-1.png?resize=400,906 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-04-1.png\" alt=\"Pie chart showing most journalists say news organizations should report on public figures' false statements\" class=\"wp-image-182104 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d8cec8; width:200px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most journalists think that part of managing misinformation means reporting on public figures who make false or made-up statements. Twice as many journalists say that if a public figure makes a statement that is false or made up, news organizations should \u201creport on the statement because it is important for the public to know about\u201d (64%) rather than \u201cnot report on the statement because it gives attention to the falsehoods and the public figure\u201d (32%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many journalists, though, never or almost never cover the issue of misinformation. Two-thirds of journalists surveyed (66%) say almost none of the stories they worked on in the past year had to do with false or made-up information. Just 6% of those surveyed say half or more of the news stories they worked on covered false or made-up news in some way, while about a quarter (27%) say that some of their stories \u2013 but fewer than half \u2013 dealt with this topic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;vast-majority-of-journalists-are-against-requiring-a-license-to-be-a-journalist&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"vast-majority-of-journalists-are-against-requiring-a-license-to-be-a-journalist\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vast majority of journalists are against requiring a license to be a journalist<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-highly-concerned-about-misinformation-future-of-press-freedoms\/pj_2022-06-14_journalist-survey_2-05\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ded5d2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"780\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-05-1.png?resize=480,604 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-05-1.png?resize=620,780 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_2022.06.14_journalist-survey_2-05-1.png\" alt=\"Pie chart showing about three-quarters of journalists are against requiring licenses to practice journalism\" class=\"wp-image-182103 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ded5d2; width:310px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One particular feature of journalism is that there is no requirement to have a license or certification process to call oneself a journalist \u2013 unlike a physician would in order to practice medicine in the United States. The question of whether to require one or not occasionally gets raised. As of now, a solid majority of journalists are against such a requirement. Nearly three-quarters of journalists (74%) are in favor of continuing to allow journalists to practice journalism without needing a license. One-quarter of U.S. journalists would like to see a license required for members of their industry. (<a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/tv-journalists-most-likely-to-experience-harassment-online-outlets-most-likely-to-see-newsroom-expansion\/\">Chapter 8<\/a> looks at how these views vary by the original platform of the organization that journalists work for.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Currently, there is no licensing requirement for journalists themselves. Radio and television stations are licensed and regulated by the Federal Communications Commission, but there is no such regulatory authority for newspapers and online outlets. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Amid efforts to fight false and made-up information, anti-media campaigns, increased lawsuits and global news crackdowns, journalists in the United States express great concern about the future of press freedoms. Roughly six-in-ten journalists surveyed say they are either extremely (33%) or very concerned (24%) about potential restrictions on press freedoms in the U.S. About a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":377,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[103,330,368,332,392,338,329,58,327,352,342],"tags":[],"bylines":[987,651,981,889],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[527],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-87596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-free-speech-press","category-freedom-of-the-press","category-journalists-2","category-media-industry","category-media-layoffs-employment","category-media-polarization","category-misinformation","category-politics-media-2","category-politics-media-1","category-social-media-news","category-trust-in-media","bylines-amy-mitchell","bylines-jacob-liedke","bylines-jeffrey-gottfried","bylines-mark-jurkowitz","formats-report","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-journalism"],"label":false,"post_parent":87597,"word_count":862,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-highly-concerned-about-misinformation-future-of-press-freedoms\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":107828,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_22.06.05_JournalistSurvey_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_22.06.05_JournalistSurvey_featured.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A2":{"id":107828,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_22.06.05_JournalistSurvey_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_22.06.05_JournalistSurvey_featured.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":107828,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_22.06.05_JournalistSurvey_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_22.06.05_JournalistSurvey_featured.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":107828,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_22.06.05_JournalistSurvey_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_22.06.05_JournalistSurvey_featured.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":107828,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_22.06.05_JournalistSurvey_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_22.06.05_JournalistSurvey_featured.png?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"social":{"id":107828,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_22.06.05_JournalistSurvey_featured.png","url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2022\/06\/PJ_22.06.05_JournalistSurvey_featured.png?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"caption":"","chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":87597,"title":"Journalists Sense Turmoil in Their Industry Amid Continued Passion for Their Work","slug":"journalists-sense-turmoil-in-their-industry-amid-continued-passion-for-their-work","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-sense-turmoil-in-their-industry-amid-continued-passion-for-their-work\/","is_active":false},{"id":87608,"title":"1. Journalists express high job satisfaction but are concerned about the state of the news industry","slug":"journalists-express-high-job-satisfaction-but-are-concerned-about-the-state-of-the-news-industry","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-express-high-job-satisfaction-but-are-concerned-about-the-state-of-the-news-industry\/","is_active":false},{"id":87596,"title":"2. Journalists highly concerned about misinformation, future of press freedoms","slug":"journalists-highly-concerned-about-misinformation-future-of-press-freedoms","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-highly-concerned-about-misinformation-future-of-press-freedoms\/","is_active":true},{"id":87650,"title":"3. Many journalists say social media helps at work, but most decry its impact on journalism","slug":"many-journalists-say-social-media-helps-at-work-but-most-decry-its-impact-on-journalism","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/many-journalists-say-social-media-helps-at-work-but-most-decry-its-impact-on-journalism\/","is_active":false},{"id":87617,"title":"4. Journalists and the public differ on how journalists are doing, how connected they are","slug":"journalists-and-the-public-differ-on-how-journalists-are-doing-how-connected-they-are","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-and-the-public-differ-on-how-journalists-are-doing-how-connected-they-are\/","is_active":false},{"id":87634,"title":"5. Journalists see political sorting of news audiences as a much bigger problem than the public does","slug":"journalists-see-political-sorting-of-news-audiences-as-a-much-bigger-problem-than-the-public-does","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-see-political-sorting-of-news-audiences-as-a-much-bigger-problem-than-the-public-does\/","is_active":false},{"id":87605,"title":"6. Journalists give industry mixed reviews on newsroom diversity, lowest marks in racial and ethnic diversity","slug":"journalists-give-industry-mixed-reviews-on-newsroom-diversity-lowest-marks-in-racial-and-ethnic-diversity","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/journalists-give-industry-mixed-reviews-on-newsroom-diversity-lowest-marks-in-racial-and-ethnic-diversity\/","is_active":false},{"id":87600,"title":"7. Older journalists most content in their work, younger journalists more likely to find social media helpful","slug":"older-journalists-most-content-in-their-work-younger-journalists-more-likely-to-find-social-media-helpful","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2022\/06\/14\/older-journalists-most-content-in-their-work-younger-journalists-more-likely-to-find-social-media-helpful\/","is_active":false},{"id":87610,"title":"8. 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