{"id":90653,"date":"2007-05-25T00:00:01","date_gmt":"2007-05-25T05:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2007\/05\/25\/iraq-war\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T04:12:34","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T09:12:34","slug":"iraq-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2007\/05\/25\/iraq-war\/","title":{"rendered":"Iraq War"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> In the first three months of 2007, the war in Iraq took center stage in the national media with President Bush calling for a troop surge and presidential candidates staking out their positions on the affair. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> In first three months of the year, nearly a quarter of the newshole (22%) in the American press was devoted to the war. That was roughly three times the amount given to the next biggest story\u2014the campaign\u2014and six times the amount given to the next biggest non-Iraq story\u2014the fired U.S. attorney controversy. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> <strong>Breakdown of Iraq<\/strong><strong> War Coverage: All Media<br> <\/strong>Percent of Newshole, Dec. 31, &#8217;06 &#8211; Mar. 31, &#8217;07 <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/legacy\/NEW-PIE-CHART.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"350\" align=\"texttop\"><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"242\" align=\"right\" style=\"border: 1px solid #000000\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>Iraq War Coverage Focused on Americans,<\/strong> <br> Dec. 31, \u201806 \u2013 Mar. 31, \u201807 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Americans at home:<\/td>\n<td>14% <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>U.S. policy debate:<\/td>\n<td>55% <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Americans in Iraq: <\/td>\n<td>15% <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>84<\/strong> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&gt; <\/p>\n\n<table border=\"0\" class=\"pej_data_table\"> That coverage, despite the time, space and resources devoted to the topic, was rather narrowly focused. Through the first 90 days of the year, indeed, it would be fair to say that this was not coverage of the war in Iraq per se, but the fate of Americans and American policy there.<p> Overall, more than eight in ten stories were largely focused on Americans\u2014either at home, in combat or through the policy debate. Fewer than one in six\u2014or about 16% of the Iraq coverage\u2014was focused on Iraqis. <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> Breaking the coverage into three different storylines\u2014the U.S. policy debate, events inside Iraq and war-related issues back home\u2014helps pinpoint the media\u2019s focus. The majority of the Iraq coverage (55%), dealt with the policy debate back in Washington. Thus most of what people are seeing is not about the war itself but the argument about what to do about it. <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"> <strong>Iraq<\/strong><strong> War Policy Debate<br> Specific Storylines across All Media<\/strong> <\/p>\n<tbody> <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"404\" class=\"MsoNormalTable\" style=\"border: medium none;margin-left: 4.75pt;width: 303.05pt;border-collapse: collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> <strong>Storyline<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> <strong>Percent of Newshole<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Debate over U.S. Strategy <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 52% <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> 2007 troop increase <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 34 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Policy debate involving Iraq&#8217;s neighbors (Iran, Syria, etc.) <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 5 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Policy debate of U.S. Allies (Britain, Poland, etc.) <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 3 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Generals retiring\/being replaced <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 2 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.5pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p> Anti-War protest\/speeches <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 2 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.5pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p> Role of Iraqi government\/security forces <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 1 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.5pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p> Other <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 1 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.5pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p> Debate over media coverage <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 1 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.5pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p> Political ramifications for U.S. Politicians <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> * <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.5pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p> Debate over whether the war is a Civil War <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> * <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.5pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p> Baker Report (Iraq Study Group) <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> * <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> Less than a third of the Iraq coverage (31%) was about events on the ground in Iraq\u2014which encompasses such subjects as the continuing bloodshed, the insurgents\u2019 development of chlorine bombs, the political situation there, reconstruction efforts, the decision over whether to send England\u2019s Prince Harry to the war zone, and the U.S. security crackdown in Baghdad. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\" align=\"center\"> <strong>Iraq<\/strong><strong> Events on the Ground<br> Specific Storylines across All Media<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"406\" class=\"MsoNormalTable\" style=\"border: medium none;margin-left: 4.75pt;width: 304.4pt;border-collapse: collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"302\" align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 226.35pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> <strong>Storyline<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> <strong>Percent of Newshole<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"302\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 226.35pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> U.S. combat\/violence\/casualties <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 50% <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"302\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 226.35pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> civil combat\/violence\/casualties not involving U.S. <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 20 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"302\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 226.35pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Iraq Internal affairs <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 15 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"302\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 226.35pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Other <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 5 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"302\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 226.35pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> reconstruction waste, corruption <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 3 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.5pt\">\n<td width=\"302\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 226.35pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p> Reconstruction efforts <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 3 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"302\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 226.35pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Moqtada al-Sadr going to Iran <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 1 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"302\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 226.35pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Prince Harry going to Iraq <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 1 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"302\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 226.35pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> U.S. soldiers charged with crimes <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> * <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"302\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 226.35pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Iraqi refugees (added 3\/7) <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> * <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"302\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 226.35pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Iraqi President Talabani&#8217;s health (added 2\/26) <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> * <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><em>* equals less than 1%<br> <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Yet looking more closely at the ground coverage reveals that even most of this focused on Americans\u2014not Iraqis. What constituted that 31%? Half of it (50%) was about American combat and casualties there and roughly 0.5% was about U.S. soldiers committing crimes. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> In contrast, just 7% was about Iraqi civilian casualties and 5% concerned Iraq internal affairs\u2014the state of the country itself, the stability of the government, whether the country was in civil war, and other matters that might answer what would happen if Americans pulled out or what other strategy might best serve that nation. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Reconstruction efforts were even harder to learn about, garnering just 1% of all Iraq coverage. Despite what appears to be a mass movement of Iraqis, both exiting from the country and relocating within its borders, less than half of one percent\u2014just 16 stories in all\u2014focused on Iraqi refugees. According to the estimates by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, as many as 2 million of the country\u2019s population of about 27 million have left for other countries while 1.9 million Iraqis have been displaced within their own country. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> One factor that may explain the emphasis on the policy debate is that the political story is easier\u2014and also less expensive\u2014to cover. It is also a domestic story, rather than one about a faraway place, which journalists may think makes it more interesting. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> The domestic policy debate is in any case no doubt safer to cover than the war itself. The Committee to Protect Journalists says that since the onset of the war in Iraq in 2003, 102 journalists and 39 media support workers have been killed in the line of duty. That makes it the deadliest conflict for reporters in the organization\u2019s 25-year history. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> The third main area of Iraq coverage is the homefront, which includes all aspects of the effects of the war here in the states\u2014military returning home from duty, hospital treatment for wounded soldiers, how families and communities cope as loved ones are sent abroad and economic reverberations, to name a few. More than 1.6 million servicemen and women have served in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to the National Veterans Foundation. And the impact of their tours of duty can be widespread. One study in the New England Journal of Medicine suggested that 15 to 17 percent of Iraq vets were suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a serious condition that impacts them and the people around them. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" align=\"center\"> <strong>Iraq War Homefront<br> Specific Storylines across All Media<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"404\" class=\"MsoNormalTable\" style=\"border: medium none;margin-left: 4.75pt;width: 303.05pt;border-collapse: collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> <strong>Storyline<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> <strong>Percent of Newshole<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> Conditions for wounded veterans including WalterReed Hospital (added 2\/18) <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 49% <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Effect on communities, families <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 23 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Other <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 14 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Homecomings, funerals, celebrations <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 8 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12.75pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p> Military recruitment <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 12.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 3 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 13.5pt\">\n<td width=\"300\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 225pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p> Iraq refugees coming to U.S. (added 2\/14) <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 78.05pt;height: 13.5pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 3 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> In all, 14% of the Iraq coverage (3% of all media coverage) concerned the homefront. About half of that related to one particular issue\u2014substandard conditions at Walter Reed Hospital or other Veterans Affairs hospitals. The Washington Post initiated the attention in February with a two-day investigative report on the conditions at the hospital. As awareness mounted, everyone from Defense Secretary Robert Gates to President Bush vowed to remedy the situation at the hospital, and several Army officials lost their jobs. Many with direct contact with the hospital, however, said conditions at Walter Reed have been sub-standard for decades. In any case, the attention did little to spark additional investigations into other military institutions or problems soldiers confront back home. <\/p>\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;the-war-week-to-week&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"the-war-week-to-week\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The War Week to Week<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> The devotion to the war remained fairly consistent across time staying somewhere between 18% and 25% of the newshole most weeks. One week, though, coverage was nearly double the average. The week of January 7-12\u2014when President Bush announced his troop surge\u2014coverage soared to 41%. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> From then on, the question of troop strength remained the major subject discussed about the war. Debate surrounding added deployments or withdrawals accounted for 33% of all the Iraq policy debate stories. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <strong>Iraq War Coverage over Time<\/strong><br> All News Outlets, Dec. 31, \u201806 \u2013 Mar. 31, \u201807 <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\">\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/legacy\/FEVER_IRAQWAR-WHITE.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"350\" align=\"texttop\"><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> That overarching narrative about what American policy should be in Iraq played out through a succession of new events. The confirmation of Lt. General David Petreaus as top Iraqi commander, the announcement that Britain would begin a troop withdrawal, and the continuing legislative skirmishing over the war all shaped the course of the debate and drove media interest in the subject.<strong> <\/strong>But the basic story line was the same: Democrats took over Congress with what they believed was a mandate to change Iraq policy and get America out. The president believed it was best to continue on the path of growing, not shrinking, U.S. troop involvement. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> In February and March, a related but competing story line emerged: the prospect of war with Iran. The president appeared to threaten possible military action against Tehran in his January 10 surge speech, but the subject did not gain any real press attention until a month later when a U.S. military briefer accused the Iranian government of providing weapons that were killing U.S. troops in Iraq. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> The administration later backed off that somewhat, but the press had already focused its radar. In an interview with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, ABC\u2019s Diane Sawyer bluntly asked him: \u201cDo you personally fear an invasion or an attack by the United States?\u201d <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> By the end of the first 90 days of the year, Iran had become the fifth biggest news story overall in the first quarter of 2007. <\/p>\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;sector-by-sector&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"sector-by-sector\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sector by Sector<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> Did the attention to Iraq differ from one medium to the next? Not much. Iraq was the top story in every media sector studied. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> There were, though, some variations in degree. Network Evening News gave the war the greatest airtime (26% on the three commercial networks and 45% on PBS\u2019s News Hour).<em> <\/em>Newspapers devoted the least\u201418% of their front-page reporting\u2014which reflected the fact that papers in the sample tended to cover a wider range of topics on their front pages than network and cable TV did in their entire newscasts. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> <strong>Iraq<\/strong><strong> War Coverage<\/strong><br> Percent of Newshole, Dec. 31, \u201806 &#8211; Mar. 31, \u201807 <\/p>\n\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"583\" class=\"MsoTableGrid\" style=\"border: medium none;margin-left: 5.4pt;width: 437.4pt;border-collapse: collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"128\" style=\"border: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 95.95pt\">\n<p> \u00a0 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"101\" style=\"border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 75.8pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>Newspapers <\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\" style=\"border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 52.1pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>Online <\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"74\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 55.3pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>Network Morning<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"86\" style=\"border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 64.3pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>Network Evening w\/ PBS<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"61\" style=\"border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 45.8pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>Cable TV <\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\" style=\"border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 48.15pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>Radio <\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"128\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 95.95pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> Events in Iraq <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"101\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 75.8pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 7% <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 52.1pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 12% <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"74\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 55.3pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 5% <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"86\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 64.3pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 10% <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"61\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 45.8pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 5% <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 48.15pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 3% <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"128\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 95.95pt\">\n<p> Iraq Homefront <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"101\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 75.8pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 4 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 52.1pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 2 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"74\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 55.3pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 1 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"86\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 64.3pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 7 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"61\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 45.8pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 2 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 48.15pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 3 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"128\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 95.95pt\">\n<p> Iraq Policy Debate <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"101\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 75.8pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 7 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 52.1pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 9 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"74\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 55.3pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 13 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"86\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 64.3pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 16 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"61\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 45.8pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 16 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 48.15pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> 17 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"128\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 95.95pt\">\n<p> <strong>Iraq War Total <\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"101\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 75.8pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>18<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 52.1pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>23<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"74\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 55.3pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>18<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"86\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 64.3pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>33<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"61\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 45.8pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>23<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\" valign=\"top\" style=\"border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 48.15pt\">\n<p align=\"center\"> <strong>22<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> Some media were also more focused on the policy debate in particular than others. Despite potentially dramatic video of wounded soldiers, the broadcast media placed the heaviest emphasis on the political debates in Washington. Cable, network evening and morning programs and radio news all gave the Washington debates more than twice the percent of airtime of other Iraq stories. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"MsoNormal wp-block-paragraph\"> Of the 224 hours of cable news studied over the quarter, about 35 hours, or 16% of the airtime, was spent on the policy debate. This was more than triple that spent on ground events in Iraq (5%) and seven times that of homefront issues (2%). <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the first three months of 2007, the war in Iraq took center stage in the national media with President Bush calling for a troop surge and presidential candidates staking out their positions on the affair. In first three months of the year, nearly a quarter of the newshole (22%) in the American press was [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":139,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"bylines":[],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[527],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-90653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","formats-report","research-teams-journalism"],"label":false,"post_parent":90645,"word_count":1582,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2007\/05\/25\/iraq-war\/","art_direction":false,"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":90645,"title":"Iraq Dominates PEJ\u2019s First Quarterly NCI Report","slug":"iraq-dominates-pejs-first-quarterly-nci-report","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2007\/05\/25\/iraq-dominates-pejs-first-quarterly-nci-report\/","is_active":false},{"id":90653,"title":"Iraq War","slug":"iraq-war","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2007\/05\/25\/iraq-war\/","is_active":true},{"id":90664,"title":"The 2008 Elections","slug":"the-2008-elections","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2007\/05\/25\/the-2008-elections\/","is_active":false},{"id":90671,"title":"U.S. Attorney Firings","slug":"u-s-attorney-firings","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2007\/05\/25\/u-s-attorney-firings\/","is_active":false},{"id":90680,"title":"Anna Nicole Smith","slug":"anna-nicole-smith","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2007\/05\/25\/anna-nicole-smith\/","is_active":false},{"id":90689,"title":"Broad Topics of Coverage","slug":"broad-topics-of-coverage","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2007\/05\/25\/broad-topics-of-coverage\/","is_active":false},{"id":90699,"title":"The Nature of Different Media Sectors","slug":"the-nature-of-different-media-sectors","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2007\/05\/25\/the-nature-of-different-media-sectors\/","is_active":false},{"id":90710,"title":"Cable News","slug":"cable-news","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2007\/05\/25\/cable-news\/","is_active":false},{"id":90717,"title":"Newspapers","slug":"newspapers-3","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/journalism\/2007\/05\/25\/newspapers-3\/","is_active":false},{"id":90723,"title":"Online News 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