{"id":11829,"date":"2017-10-09T09:35:54","date_gmt":"2017-10-09T14:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/%year%\/%monthnum%\/%day%\/malalas-2012-shooting-came-at-time-of-high-social-hostilities-in-pakistan\/"},"modified":"2024-04-14T03:16:15","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T08:16:15","slug":"malalas-2012-shooting-came-at-time-of-high-social-hostilities-in-pakistan","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2017\/10\/09\/malalas-2012-shooting-came-at-time-of-high-social-hostilities-in-pakistan\/","title":{"rendered":"Malala\u2019s 2012 shooting came at time of high social hostilities in Pakistan"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Catalonia<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Nobel<\/a>
Nobel Peace Prize laureate Malala Yousafzai displays her medal during the Nobel Peace Prize awards ceremony in Oslo on Dec. 10, 2014. (Cornelius Poppe\/AFP\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/figure>\n\n

Five years ago today, Taliban gunmen tried to kill Malala Yousafzai<\/a> in Pakistan in response to her advocacy of education for girls.\u00a0The Taliban justified the attack by\u00a0claiming<\/a>\u00a0the then-15-year-old\u2019s education efforts were pro-Western and anti-Islamic.<\/p>\n\n

The shooting came at a time when social hostilities involving religion were at a high point, both globally and in Pakistan. More recently, these hostilities in Pakistan have ebbed somewhat, though the country still faces many challenges in this area.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n

The type of attack carried out against Malala \u2013 along with other social hostilities involving religion \u2013 is captured in Pew Research Center’s\u00a0annual coding of global religious restrictions<\/a>. The Social Hostilities Index (SHI) is a 10-point index that measures acts of religious hostility by private individuals, organizations or groups in society, with a score of 10 indicating the highest level of hostilities.<\/p>\n\n

In 2012, the year Malala was shot, social hostilities involving religion hit a six-year high worldwide as well as in Pakistan, which scored a 9.8 that year. During this time, Pakistanis accused of blasphemy were killed, according to the U.S. State Department\u2019s annual report on religious freedom<\/a>, and discrimination against the country\u2019s religious minority groups, such as Shiite Muslims and Christians, remained prevalent.<\/p>\n\n

In the years following the attack, social hostilities have declined somewhat in Pakistan. In 2015, the most recent year for which data are available, Pakistan is still in the \u201cvery high\u201d category, but the SHI score has decreased to 7.2.<\/p>\n\n

Looking at overall <\/em>restrictions on religion \u2013 which combines government restrictions (such as laws and official policies) with social hostilities \u2013 Pakistan had some of the highest scores among the world\u2019s 25 most populous countries in 2012, along with Egypt, Indonesia, Russia and Burma (Myanmar). In 2015, Pakistan was still among the most restrictive overall, along with Russia, Egypt, India and Nigeria.<\/p>\n\n

Malala recovered from her injuries and was eventually awarded the Nobel Peace Prize<\/a> in 2014 at age 17 \u2013 becoming the youngest-ever recipient of the prize. She continues to advocate for education for girls.<\/p>\n\n

Worldwide, women receive fewer average years of schooling<\/a> than men. Women receive an average of 7.2 years of formal schooling while men average 8.3 years, according to a 2016 Pew Research Center global demographic study. In Pakistan, the education gender gap is wider, with men receiving 4.9 years of schooling, on average, compared with just 2.6 years for women.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Malala Yousafzai’s shooting came at a time when social hostilities involving religion were at a high point, both globally and in 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