{"id":197558,"date":"2025-01-21T10:01:07","date_gmt":"2025-01-21T15:01:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?post_type=short-read&#038;p=197558"},"modified":"2025-08-29T14:07:36","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T18:07:36","slug":"119th-congress-brings-new-growth-in-racial-ethnic-diversity-to-capitol-hill","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/01\/21\/119th-congress-brings-new-growth-in-racial-ethnic-diversity-to-capitol-hill\/","title":{"rendered":"119th Congress brings new growth in racial, ethnic diversity to Capitol Hill"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Just over a quarter (26%) of voting members in the U.S. Congress identify as a race or ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White, making the 119th Congress the most racially and ethnically diverse to date. In continuation of a long-running trend, this is the eighth Congress to break the record set by the one before it.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This analysis builds on earlier Pew Research Center work to analyze the racial and ethnic makeup of the U.S. Congress. To determine the number of racial and ethnic minority lawmakers in the 119th Congress, we used data from&nbsp;the <a href=\"https:\/\/crsreports.congress.gov\/\">Congressional Research Service<\/a> (CRS) and <a href=\"https:\/\/info.cq.com\/?_ga=2.45697383.2145199989.1736200782-1363707320.1736200782\">CQ Roll Call<\/a>, along with news reports and lawmakers\u2019 published biographies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U.S. population data comes from the U.S. Census Bureau. The Census Bureau\u2019s own research shows that it has long undercounted Black, Latino and some other population groups, which could mean they are underrepresented in the demographic statistics in this post.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Historical data was pulled from&nbsp;CRS, CQ Roll Call and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/multi-chapter-report\/vital-statistics-on-congress\/\">Brookings Institution<\/a>. All racial groups refer to single-race non-Hispanics. Hispanics are of any race. Multiracial lawmakers are counted in each racial and ethnic group they identify with, but once in the overall total. Our count of Hispanic lawmakers excludes at least three members of Congress who identify as Portuguese American.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this analysis, \u201cnewly elected\u201d lawmakers include all members of Congress who did not serve in the 118th Congress. This group includes two House members who are serving nonconsecutive sessions in the chamber and excludes members of the House elected to the Senate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our analysis reflects the 533 voting members of Congress seated as of Jan. 3, 2025, the first day of the new Congress. It does not include the Florida House seat <a href=\"https:\/\/rollcall.com\/2024\/11\/22\/matt-gaetz-congress-resign-special-election\/\">vacated by former Rep. Matt Gaetz<\/a> or the Senate seat former <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semafor.com\/article\/01\/03\/2025\/why-senate-republicans-are-down-a-seat\">West Virginia Gov. Jim Justice<\/a> assumed Jan. 14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Independent members of Congress are counted with the party they caucus with.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=197569\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e2d8c6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_1.png?resize=480,655 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_1.png?resize=782,1067 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_1.png?resize=840,1146 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"873\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_1.png?w=640\" alt=\"A stacked bar chart showing that the 119th Congress has most racial and ethnic diversity in history.\" class=\"wp-image-197569 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e2d8c6; width:420px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall,<strong> 139 of today\u2019s senators and representatives identify as Black, Hispanic, Asian American or Native American,<\/strong> according to a Pew Research Center analysis of data from CQ Roll Call and the Congressional Research Service. This number has nearly doubled in the two decades since the 109th Congress of 2005-07, which had 73 members belonging to racial or ethnic minorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This analysis reflects the 533 voting members of the 119th Congress as of Jan. 3, 2025, the first day of the new Congress. Our count of Hispanic lawmakers excludes at least three members of Congress who <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/09\/12\/who-is-hispanic\/#:~:text=Is%20there%20an%20official%20definition%20of%20Hispanic%20or%20Latino%3F\">identify as Portuguese American<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The vast majority (84%) of racial and ethnic minority members in the new Congress are Democrats, while 16% are Republicans. This gap is slightly wider than in the previous Congress, when 80% of non-White lawmakers were Democrats and 20% were Republicans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=197570\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f3f1ed\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f3f1ed;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_3.png?resize=480,455 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_3.png?resize=782,740 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_3.png?resize=960,909 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_3.png?resize=1200,1136 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_3.png?resize=1280,1212 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"606\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_3.png?w=640\" alt=\"A chart showing that, in 119th Congress, U.S. House is more racially and ethnically diverse than Senate.\" class=\"wp-image-197570 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-house-of-representatives\">The House of Representatives<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In all, 28% of House members are Black, Hispanic, Asian or Native American, the same as in the previous Congress. No current voting members are Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 119th House includes five multiracial representatives \u2013 all Democrats. These five are counted in each racial or ethnic group they identify with, but once in our overall total:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Florida&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/campaign\/3614214-who-is-maxwell-alejandro-frost-the-25-year-old-democratic-house-nominee\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Rep. Maxwell Alejandro Frost<\/span><\/a> and New York <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/feature\/nbc-out\/ritchie-torres-becomes-first-gay-afro-latino-elected-congress-n1246360\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Reps. Ritchie Torres<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2022\/02\/15\/adriano-espaillat-black-caucus\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Adriano Espallait<\/span><\/a> identify as Black and Hispanic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Virginia <a href=\"https:\/\/bobbyscott.house.gov\/about\/biography\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Rep. Bobby Scott<\/span><\/a> and Washington <a href=\"https:\/\/strickland.house.gov\/about\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Rep. Marilyn Strickland<\/span><\/a> are Black and Asian. Scott is the first lawmaker of Filipino descent in the U.S. Congress. Strickland is the first Black lawmaker to represent her state at the federal level, as well as one of the first Korean American women elected to Congress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the new House, 85% of minority representatives are Democrats while 15% are Republicans. In the chamber overall, <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/12\/17\/slim-majorities-have-become-more-common-in-the-us-house-and-senate\/\">the partisan split is about 50-50<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The House also includes 16 newly elected members \u2013 including 15 Democrats and one Republican \u2013 who are racial or ethnic minorities. This is a decrease from the last Congress, when 27 newly elected members \u2013 19 Democrats and eight Republicans \u2013 were racial or ethnic minorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to voting members of the House, there are six nonvoting delegates who represent U.S. territories and the District of Columbia. Among these nonvoting delegates, two are Black, two are Asian\/Pacific Islander, one is Hispanic and one identifies as both Hispanic and Asian\/Pacific Islander.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-senate\">The Senate<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the upper chamber of Congress, 16 senators are racial or ethnic minorities, an increase from 12 in the 118th Congress. Seven senators are Hispanic, five are Black, three are Asian and one is Native American.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two Black women will serve simultaneously in the Senate for the first time in history: Democrats <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/angela-alsobrooks-defeats-larry-hogan-maryland_n_6727e524e4b0cfb9cc69d68a\">Angela Alsobrooks<\/a> of Maryland and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcphiladelphia.com\/decision-2024\/lisa-blunt-rochester-delaware-senate\/4020802\/\">Lisa Blunt Rochester<\/a> of Delaware are the first Black senators to represent their respective states in the chamber.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three-quarters of the senators who are racial or ethnic minorities (12 of 16) are Democrats. The other four are Republicans:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wdsu.com\/article\/tim-scott-longest-serving-black-senator\/63334057\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Tim Scott<\/span><\/a> of South Carolina is the longest-serving Black senator in history.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/abc3340.com\/news\/nation-world\/florida-senator-marco-rubio-nominated-to-be-first-hispanic-secretary-of-state-donal-trump-administration-cuban-american\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Marco Rubio<\/span><\/a> of Florida \u2013 Donald Trump\u2019s pick for secretary of state \u2013 and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/itsallpolitics\/2013\/06\/20\/193585553\/how-ted-cruzs-father-shaped-his-views-on-immigration\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Ted Cruz<\/span> <\/a>of Texas are both Hispanic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Markwayne Mullin of Oklahoma,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bioguide.congress.gov\/search\/bio\/M001190\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">a member of the Cherokee nation<\/span><\/a>, is the first Native American to serve in the Senate since Colorado <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coloradohomesmag.com\/celebrating-ben-nighthorse-campbell\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Sen. Ben Nighthorse Campbell<\/span><\/a> retired from the chamber in 2005. &nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"congress-remains-far-less-racially-ethnically-diverse-than-u-s-as-a-whole\">Congress remains far less racially, ethnically diverse than U.S. as a whole<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=197568\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f2f2f2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"940\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_2.png?resize=480,728 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_2.png?resize=620,940 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/SR_25.01.17_race-ethnicity-congress_2.png?w=620\" alt=\"A line chart showing that White Americans make up larger share of Congress than U.S. population.\" class=\"wp-image-197568 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f2f2f2; width:310px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite growing racial and ethnic diversity on Capitol Hill, non-Hispanic White people make up a larger share of Congress than of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/fact\/table\/US\/IPE120221#:~:text=Race%20and%20Hispanic%20Origin\">overall U.S. population<\/a>&nbsp;(74% vs. 58%). This gap is about as wide as it was in 1981, when 94% of congressional lawmakers were White, compared with 80% of the U.S. population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the House, representation of some racial and ethnic groups is now on par with their share of the total U.S. population, while others continue to lag. For example,&nbsp;14% of House members are Black,&nbsp;the same as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/fact\/table\/US\/IPE120221#:~:text=Race%20and%20Hispanic%20Origin\">total share of Black Americans<\/a>. And Native Americans and Alaska Natives now make up about 1% of both the House and the U.S. population. (The U.S. Census Bureau counts Native Americans and Alaska Natives together in its population data, but there are currently no Alaska Natives serving in Congress.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the other hand, the share of Hispanic representatives in Congress is much lower than the Hispanic share of the U.S. population (11% vs. 20%). Asian Americans, meanwhile, account for 4% of House members and 6% of the national population.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overall, 139 of today\u2019s senators and representatives identify as Black, Hispanic, Asian American or Native American.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":658,"featured_media":197573,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2025-01-21T15:01:13Z","apple_news_api_id":"69ff8d29-2e03-46dd-8668-0a5a4f645c91","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2025-08-29T18:07:55Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAg==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/Aaf-NKS4DRt2GaApaT2RckQ","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":false,"apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"apple_news_api_pending":"","relatedPosts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0},"categories":[79,147,430],"bylines":[850],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-197558","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-congress","category-race-ethnicity-politics","category-race-ethnicity-politics-2","bylines-katherine-schaeffer","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states"],"label":"Short 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