{"id":7891,"date":"2023-10-16T14:54:26","date_gmt":"2023-10-16T19:54:26","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-23T23:59:36","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T03:59:36","slug":"more-than-half-of-americans-say-they-took-on-leadership-roles-when-growing-up","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/10\/16\/more-than-half-of-americans-say-they-took-on-leadership-roles-when-growing-up\/","title":{"rendered":"More than half of Americans say they took on leadership roles when growing up"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9390\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/10\/16\/more-than-half-of-americans-say-they-took-on-leadership-roles-when-growing-up\/sr_23-10-16_early-leadership_feature-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"887667\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #887667;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_feature.png?resize=480,270 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_feature.png?resize=782,440 782w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_feature.png?resize=960,540 960w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_feature.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_feature.png?resize=1280,720 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"360\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_feature.png?w=640\" alt=\"Schoolgirl with clipboard speaking in microphone (Shironosov)\" class=\"wp-image-9390 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(shironosov)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About a third of Americans say a major reason there aren\u2019t more women in top leadership positions in <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2023\/09\/27\/women-and-political-leadership-ahead-of-the-2024-election\/\">politics<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/09\/27\/how-americans-see-the-state-of-gender-and-leadership-in-business\/\">business<\/a> is because women are not encouraged to be leaders from an early age, a recent Pew Research Center survey found.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to learn about Americans\u2019 experiences with leadership when they were growing up. It is based on a survey of 5,057 U.S. adults conducted from July 17 to July 23, 2023. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories.&nbsp;Read more about the <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/our-methods\/u-s-surveys\/the-american-trends-panel\/\">ATP\u2019s methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some of the analysis combines responses from two questions about how much respondents were encouraged to take on leadership roles in their school or community by: 1) their parents or other family members; and 2) teachers, coaches or other adults in their life. Those who responded \u201cA great deal\u201d or \u201cA fair amount\u201d to at least one of these questions are coded as having been encouraged a great deal or a fair amount. \u201cSome\u201d includes those who said they were encouraged some in at least one of these two questions and didn\u2019t say they were encouraged a great deal or a fair amount in either question. \u201cNot much\/Not at all\u201d includes respondents who gave these responses to at least one of the two questions and didn\u2019t say they were encouraged at least some in either question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_topline.pdf\">questions used for the analysis<\/a>, along with responses, and the survey <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2023\/09\/27\/women-leaders-politics-2023-methodology\/\">methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9369\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/10\/16\/more-than-half-of-americans-say-they-took-on-leadership-roles-when-growing-up\/sr_23-10-16_early-leadership_1-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dee5e4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"1396\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_1.png?resize=480,1081 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_1.png?resize=620,1396 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_1.png?w=620\" alt=\"A horizontal stacked bar chart showing that men are more likely than women to say they took on leadership roles when they were growing up.\" class=\"wp-image-9369 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dee5e4; width:310px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We also asked over 5,000 U.S. adults about their own experiences with leadership roles when they were growing up. Here\u2019s what we found:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"which-americans-took-on-leadership-roles-when-growing-up\">Which Americans took on leadership roles when growing up?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One-in-five adults say they took on leadership roles in their school or community extremely often or often, while 35% say they did so sometimes. More than four-in-ten (44%) say they rarely or never took on leadership roles when they were growing up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some demographic groups are more likely than others to say they took on leadership roles at least sometimes when they were growing up. These groups include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Men (59% did so at least sometimes)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Asian and Black adults (66% and 65%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adults younger than 50 (59%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adults with a postgraduate degree (68%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Men younger than 50 are the most likely to say they took on these roles at least sometimes (62%), while women ages 50 and older are the <em>least likely <\/em>to say this (48%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-didn-t-some-americans-take-on-leadership-roles-when-growing-up\">Why didn\u2019t some Americans take on leadership roles when growing up?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9374\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/10\/16\/more-than-half-of-americans-say-they-took-on-leadership-roles-when-growing-up\/sr_23-10-16_early-leadership_2-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"cfd4cd\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"924\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_2.png?resize=400,924 400w\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_2.png?w=400\" alt=\"A pie chart showing that 19% of those who didn\u2019t take on leadership roles growing up say there were no opportunities.\" class=\"wp-image-9374 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #cfd4cd; width:200px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of those who <em>rarely or never<\/em> took on these roles growing up, more than half (54%) say it was mainly because they didn\u2019t want to. Another 19% say it was because there were no leadership opportunities. And 26% say it was mainly because of some other reason. (We did not ask them to explain.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Men and women give similar answers to this question, but there are some differences by age. Adults under 50 who rarely or never took on leadership roles when growing up are more likely than those 50 and older to say it was mainly because they didn\u2019t want to (60% vs. 48%). Those in the older group are more likely to cite some other reason (30% vs. 22%), while similar shares in both groups say there were no leadership opportunities available to them (17% among those under 50 and 21% among those 50 and older).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-many-americans-were-encouraged-to-take-on-leadership-roles-when-growing-up\">How many Americans were encouraged to take on leadership roles when growing up?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About a third of adults (34%) say they were encouraged a great deal or a fair amount by their parents or other family members to take on leadership roles when they were growing up. And a similar share (36%) say they were encouraged to do this by teachers, coaches or other adults in their life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9378\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/10\/16\/more-than-half-of-americans-say-they-took-on-leadership-roles-when-growing-up\/sr_23-10-16_early-leadership_3-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"cad6d4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"1416\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_3.png?resize=480,1096 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_3.png?resize=620,1416 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_3.png?w=620\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that 55% of U.S. adults under 30 say they were encouraged to be leaders when they were growing up.\" class=\"wp-image-9378 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #cad6d4; width:310px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Collectively, 44% say they were encouraged a great deal or a fair amount to take on leadership roles by <em>at least one <\/em>of these two groups. <strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are some differences in these patterns by race and ethnicity, age, and education: &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Black (52%) and Hispanic (49%) adults are more likely than White adults (41%) to say they were encouraged a great deal or a fair amount. Some 46% of Asian adults say the same. (This share is not statistically different from the other groups.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>55% of adults under 30 say they were encouraged to take on leadership roles when growing up, compared with 45% of those 30 to 49, 40% of those 50 to 64 and 38% of those 65 and older.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>53% of adults with a postgraduate degree say they were highly encouraged to take on these roles, compared with 48% of those with a bachelor\u2019s degree, 44% of those with some college and 39% of those with a high school diploma or less education.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similar shares of men (46%) and women (43%) say they were encouraged a great deal or a fair amount to take on leadership roles when they were growing up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"are-those-who-were-encouraged-to-take-on-leadership-roles-more-likely-to-have-done-so\">Are those who were encouraged to take on leadership roles more likely to have done so?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-640-wide is-resized\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-9384\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/10\/16\/more-than-half-of-americans-say-they-took-on-leadership-roles-when-growing-up\/sr_23-10-16_early-leadership_4-png\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e4e8e7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"1000\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_4.png?resize=480,774 480w, https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_4.png?resize=620,1000 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_4.png?w=620\" alt=\"A horizontal stacked bar chart showing that most U.S. adults who were encouraged to take on leadership roles did so when they were growing up.\" class=\"wp-image-9384 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e4e8e7; width:310px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of those who say they were encouraged to take on leadership roles when they were growing up, 81% say they did so at least sometimes, with 38% saying they took on these roles extremely often or often.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast, 51% of those who had some encouragement and 20% of those who were rarely or never encouraged took on these roles at least sometimes when they were growing up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Note: Here are the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/SR_23.10.16_early-leadership_topline.pdf\">questions used for the analysis<\/a>, along with responses, and the survey <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/social-trends\/2023\/09\/27\/women-leaders-politics-2023-methodology\/\">methodology<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One-in-five adults say they took on leadership roles when growing up in their school or community extremely often or often, while 35% say they did so sometimes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":658,"featured_media":9390,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2023-10-16T18:54:35Z","apple_news_api_id":"4314ccae-212a-4520-b5e1-b708951dd368","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2023-10-16T18:54:35Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAD\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/w==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/AQxTMriEqRSC14bcIlR3TaA","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":false,"apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"apple_news_api_pending":"1713063274","relatedPosts":[],"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0},"categories":[212],"bylines":[559,947],"collection":[],"datasets":[2444],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[467],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[515],"research-teams":[519],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-7891","short-read","type-short-read","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gender-leadership","bylines-isabel-goddard","bylines-juliana-menasce-horowitz","datasets-american-trends-panel-wave-131","formats-short-read","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-social-trends"],"label":"Short 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