{"id":9355,"date":"2020-11-10T09:59:17","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T14:59:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/%year%\/%monthnum%\/%day%\/government-restrictions-on-religion-around-the-world-reached-new-record-in-2018\/"},"modified":"2024-04-13T23:44:07","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T04:44:07","slug":"government-restrictions-on-religion-around-the-world-reached-new-record-in-2018","status":"publish","type":"short-read","link":"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2020\/11\/10\/government-restrictions-on-religion-around-the-world-reached-new-record-in-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Government restrictions on religion around the world reached new record in 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/FT_20.11.10_keyfindingsRestrictions_featured.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"Border guard police in Burma (Myanmar) patrol the fence in the \u201cno-man\u2019s land\u201d at the country\u2019s border with Bangladesh in August 2018. More than 14,500 Rohingya Muslims were reported to have fled to Bangladesh in 2018 to escape abuses, and at least 4,500 Rohingya were stuck in the border area. (Phyo Hein Kyaw\/AFP via Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-379655\" \/><figcaption>Border guard police in Burma (Myanmar) patrol the fence in the \u201cno-man\u2019s land\u201d at the country\u2019s border with Bangladesh in August 2018. More than 14,500 Rohingya Muslims were reported to have fled to Bangladesh in 2018 to escape abuses, and at least 4,500 Rohingya were stuck in the border area. (Phyo Hein Kyaw\/AFP via Getty Images)\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Government restrictions on religion rose to a record high in 2018, while religion-related social hostilities fell slightly but remained near peak levels, according to Pew Research Center\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2020\/11\/10\/in-2018-government-restrictions-on-religion-reach-highest-level-globally-in-more-than-a-decade\">11th annual study of restrictions on religion<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Restrictions by governments include official laws and actions that curtail religious beliefs and practices, while social hostilities encompass everything from religion-related armed conflict to harassment over clothing. The analysis covers policies that were in place and events that occurred in 198 countries and territories in 2018, the most recent year for which data was available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are key findings from the report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"is-style-alternate wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible js-react-collapsible is-style-alternate\" data-title=\"How we did this\" data-style=\"is-style-alternate\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the 11th in a series of annual reports by Pew Research Center analyzing the extent to which governments and societies around the world impinge on religious beliefs and practices. The studies are part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures project, which analyzes religious change and its impact on societies around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To measure global restrictions on religion in 2018 \u2013 the most recent year for which data is available \u2013 the study rates 198 countries and territories by their levels of government restrictions on religion and social hostilities involving religion. The new study is based on the same 10-point indexes used in the previous studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>Government Restrictions Index<\/strong> measures government laws, policies and actions that restrict religious beliefs and practices. The GRI comprises 20 measures of restrictions, including efforts by government to ban particular faiths, prohibit conversion, limit preaching or give preferential treatment to one or more religious groups.<\/li><li>The <strong>Social Hostilities Index<\/strong> measures acts of religious hostility by private individuals, organizations or groups in society. This includes religion-related armed conflict or terrorism, mob or sectarian violence, harassment over attire for religious reasons, or other religion-related intimidation or abuse. The SHI includes 13 measures of social hostilities.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To track these indicators of government restrictions and social hostilities, researchers combed through more than a dozen publicly available, widely cited sources of information, including the U.S. State Department\u2019s annual reports on international religious freedom and annual reports from the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, as well as reports from a variety of European and United Nations bodies and several independent, nongovernmental organizations. Classification of regime types comes from the Economist Intelligence Unit\u2019s Democracy Index and is reused with permission of the Economist Intelligence Unit. (See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2020\/11\/10\/methodology-35\">Methodology<\/a> for more details on sources used in the study.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-310-wide\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/PF11.10.20_religious.restrictions-0-00.png?w=310\" alt=\"Government restrictions on religion at highest level since 2007\" class=\"wp-image-379660\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Government restrictions in 2018 were at their highest level since 2007, when Pew Research Center began tracking these trends. <\/strong>The global median score on the Government Restrictions Index (a <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2020\/11\/10\/methodology-35\">10-point scale<\/a> based on 20 indicators) rose to 2.9 in 2018 from 2.8 a year earlier. That was partly due to an increase in the number of governments using force \u2013 such as detentions and physical abuse \u2013 to coerce religious groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the index increase in 2018 was relatively small, government restrictions have grown substantially from a median score of 1.8 in 2007. At the same time, the number of countries with \u201chigh\u201d or \u201cvery high\u201d levels of government restrictions has also been climbing. Most recently, 56 countries \u2013 or 28% of all 198 countries and territories in the study \u2013 fell into one of those two categories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-310-wide\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/PF11.10.20_religious.restrictions-0-05.png?w=310\" alt=\"Government restrictions on religion, by region\" class=\"wp-image-379659\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Asia and the Pacific had the largest <em>increase <\/em>in government restrictions, while the Middle East and North Africa region continued to have the highest median <em>level<\/em> of restrictions. <\/strong>The median score among the Asia Pacific region\u2019s 50 countries rose to 4.4 in 2018 from 3.8 a year earlier. In 2018, roughly six-in-ten countries in the region (62%) experienced some level of government force related to religion, up from about half (52%) in 2017. In Burma, also known as Myanmar, thousands of people from religious minorities <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscirf.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/Tier1_BURMA_2019.pdf\">continued to be displaced<\/a>. And in Uzbekistan, at least <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscirf.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/Tier1_UZBEKISTAN_2019.pdf\">1,500 Muslims remained in prison<\/a> on charges of extremism or membership in banned groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As in past years, the median government restrictions score in the Middle East and North Africa remains high (6.2 out of 10). Most countries in the region had reports of governments harassing religious groups, interfering in worship, favoring some religious groups and using force against others. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/reports\/2018-report-on-international-religious-freedom\/algeria\/\">Algeria<\/a>, for example, authorities detained several Christians for violating a ban on proselytizing by non-Muslims. Separately, authorities in the country also prosecuted 26 Ahmadi Muslims for \u201cinsulting the precepts of Islam.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Social hostilities fell slightly in 2018 but remained near the 2017 peak.<\/strong> The median level of religion-related hostilities by private individuals, organizations or groups in society fell to 2.0 from 2.1 on the 10-point Social Hostilities Index. While this index has doubled in the past decade, it has seen more year-to-year fluctuations compared with government restrictions. The decline in 2018 is partly due to fewer reports of incidents in which some religious groups (usually of a majority faith in a country) attempted to prevent other religious groups (usually of minority faiths) from expressing their beliefs. Globally, the number of countries with \u201chigh\u201d or \u201cvery high\u201d levels of social hostilities involving religion stood at 53 in 2018, or 27% of all countries studied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-640-wide\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/PF11.10.20_religious.restrictions-0-06.png?w=640\" alt=\"Number of countries with high or very high social hostilities involving religion dropped slightly in 2018\" class=\"wp-image-379658\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Among the 25 most populous countries, India, Egypt, Indonesia, Pakistan and Russia had the highest overall levels of restrictions involving religion, <\/strong>according to an analysis that combines government restrictions and social hostilities. China had the highest levels of government restrictions, and India had the highest levels of social hostilities \u2013 not just among the most populous countries, but among all 198 countries in the study. The Government Restrictions Index score for China \u2013 whose government restricts religion in a variety of ways, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/reports\/2018-report-on-international-religious-freedom\/china-includes-tibet-xinjiang-hong-kong-and-macau\/\">banning entire religious groups<\/a> \u2013 was the highest ever for any country (9.3 out of 10). India\u2019s score on the Social Hostilities Index was 9.6 out of 10, near its peak score of 9.7 in 2016, in part due to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/reports\/2018-report-on-international-religious-freedom\/india\/\">mob violence related to religion<\/a> and hostilities over conversions. India also ranks high on government restrictions and reached an all-time high in its government restrictions score (5.9 out of 10).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-310-wide\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/PF11.10.20_religious.restrictions-03-02.png?w=310\" alt=\"Social hostilities involving religion, by region\" class=\"wp-image-379657\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Among the five regions included in the study, only the Americas experienced an increase in social hostilities levels.<\/strong> The largest increase within the Americas occurred in El Salvador, where in March, during Catholic Holy Week, armed men <a href=\"https:\/\/www.catholicnewsagency.com\/news\/priest-murdered-during-holy-week-in-el-salvador-65115\">robbed a priest<\/a> and his companions on their way to Mass and killed the priest. Still, the Americas continued to have the lowest overall median level of social hostilities of the five geographic regions analyzed in the study. Social hostilities scores in Asia and the Pacific remained stable, and three other regions \u2013 sub-Saharan Africa, Europe and the Middle East-North Africa \u2013 experienced declines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Authoritarian governments are more likely to restrict religion.<\/strong> For the first time, Pew Research Center included in its study a <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/11\/PF_20.10.28_Restrictions11_appendixE.pdf\">classification of regime types<\/a> published in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eiu.com\/n\/democracy-index-2018\/\">Democracy Index<\/a> by the Economist Intelligence Unit. According to the new analysis, roughly two-thirds (65%) of countries with \u201cvery high\u201d government restrictions are classified as authoritarian. Meanwhile, only 7% of countries with \u201clow\u201d government restrictions are authoritarian. In terms of social hostilities involving religion, the picture is more mixed. Nevertheless, many authoritarian countries had \u201clow\u201d or \u201cmoderate\u201d levels of social hostilities. No country that was classified as a full democracy had \u201cvery high\u201d government restrictions or social hostilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-640-wide\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/PF11.10.20_religious.restrictions-0-07.png?w=640\" alt=\"Governments that restrict religion are less likely to be democracies\" class=\"wp-image-379656\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Christians and Muslims continue to be harassed in the most countries. <\/strong>Harassment against religious groups, both by governments and individuals or social groups, was reported in 185 out of the 198 countries in 2018. That figure, which includes any country that had at least one incident of harassment reported against a religious group, was down slightly from 187 a year earlier. Christians and Muslims \u2013 who make up the <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2017\/04\/05\/the-changing-global-religious-landscape\/pf_17-04-05_projectionsupdate_grl310px\/\">largest faith groups globally<\/a> and are more <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2015\/04\/02\/religious-projection-table\/\">geographically dispersed<\/a> than other groups \u2013 experienced harassment in the highest number of countries (145 and 139 countries, respectively). Jews are only <a href=\"https:\/\/beta.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2015\/04\/02\/jews\/\">0.2% of the global population<\/a> but were harassed in the third-highest number of countries (88). Religiously unaffiliated people \u2013 defined as atheists, agnostics and those who don\u2019t identify with any religion \u2013 saw the largest decline in harassment of any group. These \u201cnones\u201d were harassed in 18 countries in 2018, down from 23 countries a year earlier.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Government restrictions in 2018 were at their highest level since 2007, when Pew Research Center began tracking these trends. 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restrictions on religion globally reached new high in 2018","description":"Government restrictions in 2018 were at their highest level since 2007, when Pew Research Center began tracking these trends.","og_title":"Government restrictions on religion around the world reached new record in 2018","og_description":"Government restrictions in 2018 were at their highest level since 2007, when Pew Research Center began tracking these trends.","schema_type":"Article","noindex":false,"canonical_url":"","primary_terms":[],"custom_schema":[],"twitter_title":"Government restrictions on religion around the world reached new record in 2018","twitter_description":"Government restrictions in 2018 were at their highest level since 2007, when Pew Research Center began tracking these 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